Akeroyd M A, Bernstein L R
Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington 06030, USA.
J Acoust Soc Am. 2001 Nov;110(5 Pt 1):2516-26. doi: 10.1121/1.1412442.
Zurek (1980) measured listeners' sensitivities to interaural disparities conveyed by a 5-ms "probe" segment embedded within a 50-ms burst of otherwise diotic broadband noise [P. M. Zurek, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 67, 952-964 (1980)]. He found that thresholds for interaural time delay (ITD) and interaural intensitive difference (IID) were markedly elevated when the onset of the probe segment occurred between 1 and 5 ms after the onset of the burst. Zurek postulated that this occurred because the leading portion of the noise briefly inhibited sensitivity to subsequent binaural information. If such inhibition were the primary factor responsible for the elevation in thresholds, then the omission of the portion of the noise trailing the probe segment would be expected to have little, if any, influence on performance. In order to test this hypothesis, listeners' sensitivities to ITD and IID were measured using a paradigm similar to that employed by Zurek. The results revealed that the omission of either the leading or the trailing portions of the diotic noise led to substantial reductions in threshold ITDs and IIDs. The data were successfully accounted for by a model based upon a combination of a temporal window with an equivalent rectangular duration of approximately 10 ms and a weighting function representing a brief loss of binaural sensitivity just after the onset of a sound.
祖雷克（1980年）测量了听众对嵌入在50毫秒宽带纯音突发中的5毫秒“探测”片段所传达的双耳差异的敏感度[P.M.祖雷克，《美国声学学会杂志》67，952 - 964（1980年）]。他发现，当探测片段的起始时间在突发起始后的1到5毫秒之间时，双耳时间延迟（ITD）和双耳强度差（IID）的阈值会显著升高。祖雷克推测，这种情况的发生是因为噪声的前部短暂抑制了对后续双耳信息的敏感度。如果这种抑制是导致阈值升高的主要因素，那么预计省略探测片段之后的那部分噪声对表现几乎没有影响（如果有影响的话也很小）。为了验证这一假设，使用了与祖雷克所采用的类似范式来测量听众对ITD和IID的敏感度。结果显示，省略纯音噪声的前部或后部都会导致阈值ITD和IID大幅降低。基于一个时间窗口（等效矩形持续时间约为10毫秒）与一个表示声音起始后双耳敏感度短暂丧失的加权函数相结合的模型，成功地解释了这些数据。
