Tsai Perng Jy, Shieh Hong Yong, Lee Wen Jhy, Lai Soon Onn
Graduate Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, 138, Sheng-Li Road, Tainan 70428, Taiwan, ROC.
J Hazard Mater. 2002 Apr 26;91(1-3):25-42. doi: 10.1016/s0304-3894(01)00384-3.
The objective of this study was set out to characterize the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) content in the atmosphere of an oil furnace carbon black manufacturing plant located in southern Taiwan. A standard semi-volatile sampling train, the PS-1 sampler, was used to collect samples from eight areas, including the feedstock oil unloading, furnace, filtering/micro-pulverization, pelletizing, packaging, office/outside, office/inside, and boundary area, respectively. For each area, side-by-side static samples were collected simultaneously and a total of 16 samples were obtained. For each collected sample, the adsorbent-retained PAH content and the filter-retained PAH content were used directly to determine the concentrations of gaseous-phase PAHs and particle-bound PAHs, respectively. The gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC/MS) technique was used for PAH analyses, and a total of 21 PAH species were determined. Results show the gaseous-phase PAHs accounted for only 69.2% of the total PAH content for samples collected from the packaging area, which was significantly lower than those samples collected from the rest of seven areas (ranging from 96.3 to 99.7%). The result is not so surprising since the packaging area had the highest dust concentration due to the releasing of carbon black dusts during the packaging process. In this study, we further examine the contribution of gaseous-phase PAHs to the total benzo[a]pyrene equivalent (BaP(eq)) content from the health-risk assessment view of point. It can be found the contribution of gaseous-phase PAHs to the total BaP(eq) content (63.1%) was quite comparable to the corresponding contribution to the total PAH content for samples collected from the packaging area. However, a different trend can be found for samples collected from the other seven areas, where the contributions of gaseous-phase PAHs to the total BaP(eq) content (ranging from 67.7 to 93.4%) were lower than the corresponding contributions to the total PAH content. The above results can be explained by PAH homologues that contained in both gaseous-phase and particle-bound PAHs. It was found the gaseous-phase PAHs contained higher fractions of less carcinogenic low molecular weight PAH homologues, whereas particle-bound PAHs contained higher fractions of more carcinogenic high molecular weight PAH homologues. Considering the contributions of gaseous-phase PAHs to both total PAH content and total BaP(eq) content were well above 50% for the eight studied areas, it is concluded that both particle-bound and gaseous-phase PAHs should be included for assessing the exposures of carbon black workers.
本研究旨在表征位于台湾南部的一家油炉炭黑制造厂大气中的多环芳烃（PAH）含量。使用标准的半挥发性采样装置PS - 1采样器，分别从八个区域采集样本，包括原料油卸载区、炉膛区、过滤/微粉化区、造粒区、包装区、办公室外部、办公室内部和边界区域。对于每个区域，同时并排采集静态样本，共获得16个样本。对于每个采集的样本，吸附剂保留的PAH含量和过滤器保留的PAH含量分别直接用于测定气相PAHs和颗粒结合PAHs的浓度。采用气相色谱/质谱联用（GC/MS）技术进行PAH分析，共测定了21种PAH物质。结果表明，从包装区采集的样本中，气相PAHs仅占总PAH含量的69.2%，显著低于从其他七个区域采集的样本（范围为96.3%至99.7%）。这一结果并不意外，因为包装区在包装过程中由于炭黑粉尘的释放，粉尘浓度最高。在本研究中，我们从健康风险评估的角度进一步考察了气相PAHs对总苯并[a]芘当量（BaP(eq)）含量的贡献。可以发现，对于从包装区采集的样本，气相PAHs对总BaP(eq)含量的贡献（63.1%）与对总PAH含量的相应贡献相当。然而，对于从其他七个区域采集的样本，可以发现不同的趋势，即气相PAHs对总BaP(eq)含量的贡献（范围为67.7%至93.4%）低于对总PAH含量的相应贡献。上述结果可以用气-相和颗粒结合PAHs中所含的PAH同系物来解释。发现气相PAHs中致癌性较低的低分子量PAH同系物所占比例较高，而颗粒结合PAHs中致癌性较高的高分子量PAH同系物所占比例较高。考虑到在所研究的八个区域中，气相PAHs对总PAH含量和总BaP(eq)含量的贡献均远高于50%，得出结论：在评估炭黑工人的暴露情况时，应同时考虑颗粒结合态和气态PAHs。
