Yoon Jaeryang
Korea Sport Science Institute, Seoul, South Korea.
Sports Med. 2002;32(4):225-33. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200232040-00002.
To perform excellently in international competitions, wrestlers have to achieve an excellent level of physical fitness and physical condition during training. This article reviews the physiological profiles of elite wrestlers. In general, successful wrestlers showed higher dynamic and isokinetic strength than unsuccessful wrestlers. In particular, upper body strength and anaerobic power were significantly different between the two groups. Aerobic capacity is one of the most important physical factors to achieve good results in wrestling competitions. The maximal oxygen uptake of national and international wrestlers taking part in international competition has been shown to be about 53 to 56 ml/kg/min. Around the time of the Seoul Olympics, typical values for wrestlers were about 60 ml/kg/min, with values of >70 ml/kg/min in some cases (the latter being similar to values reported for some endurance runners). The flexibility of the wrestlers was found to be lower than that of weight lifters and gymnasts. However, the flexibility of top-level wrestlers was higher than that of lower level wrestlers. To fully understand the physiological profiles of successful wrestlers, further research regarding anaerobic and aerobic energy metabolism, cardiopulmonary responses, body fat content, and changes in muscle hypertrophy both during the wrestling season and off-season is warranted.
为了在国际比赛中表现出色，摔跤运动员在训练期间必须达到优异的身体素质和身体状态水平。本文综述了精英摔跤运动员的生理特征。一般来说，成功的摔跤运动员比不成功的摔跤运动员表现出更高的动态和等速肌力。特别是，两组之间的上肢力量和无氧功率存在显著差异。有氧能力是在摔跤比赛中取得好成绩的最重要身体因素之一。参加国际比赛的国家和国际摔跤运动员的最大摄氧量已被证明约为53至56毫升/公斤/分钟。在汉城奥运会前后，摔跤运动员的典型值约为60毫升/公斤/分钟，在某些情况下值>70毫升/公斤/分钟（后者与一些耐力跑运动员报告的值相似）。发现摔跤运动员的柔韧性低于举重运动员和体操运动员。然而，顶级摔跤运动员的柔韧性高于低水平摔跤运动员。为了全面了解成功摔跤运动员的生理特征，有必要对摔跤赛季和非赛季期间的无氧和有氧能量代谢、心肺反应、体脂含量以及肌肉肥大变化进行进一步研究。
