1University of Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, LAPPS - E 4445, Tarbes, France.
J Strength Cond Res. 2012 Nov;26(11):3049-58. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182473e3d.
To prepare efficiently for competition, wrestlers usually train physically for a period of approximately 12-20 weeks. Numerous physical qualities must be developed during this period of preparation: aerobic fitness, maximal strength, muscular endurance, power, and speed. However, numerous studies have concluded that it is difficult to concurrently develop strength and aerobic fitness for several reasons, in particular antagonistic endocrine variations. The study involved 15 elite junior wrestlers who trained at a sports training school for 15 weeks. To investigate the effects of long-term training and to assess the relationships between hormonal concentrations (salivary testosterone [T] and cortisol [C]) and performance changes during simultaneous strength and aerobic fitness training, 6 saliva samples and 3 physical tests and 2 measures of body composition were made during the training period. Wrestlers had a significant increase (+1.5 kg) in body weight without changes in percentage body fat. Apart from the 20-m maximal shuttle speed, all performances increased significantly during the 15 weeks of training: maximum mechanical power output (Pmax: +12.8%), mean power during 30 seconds (Pmean: +10.8%), bench press (+5.7%), squat (+23.1%), power clean (+6.1%), time to 3,000- and 30-m sprints (-3.6, -1.3% respectively). During the period that the C increased, there was no significant variation for the T. The T/C ratio followed a variation pattern contrary to that of the C. We found strong correlations between salivary T, C, and T/C and the variation in explosive strength. Our results suggest that data about subjects' salivary C, T, and T/C may be employed to optimize the training process for sports people who need to develop strength and aerobic fitness simultaneously.
为了有效地备战比赛，摔跤运动员通常会进行大约 12-20 周的体能训练。在这段准备时间内，必须发展许多身体素质：有氧健身、最大力量、肌肉耐力、力量和速度。然而，许多研究得出结论，由于多种原因，很难同时发展力量和有氧健身能力，特别是由于拮抗的内分泌变化。该研究涉及 15 名在体育训练学校训练的优秀初级摔跤手，他们训练了 15 周。为了研究长期训练的效果，并评估激素浓度（唾液睾酮[T]和皮质醇[C]）与同时进行力量和有氧健身训练时的表现变化之间的关系，在训练期间采集了 6 份唾液样本和进行了 3 项体能测试和 2 项身体成分测量。摔跤手的体重显著增加（+1.5 公斤），而体脂百分比没有变化。除了 20 米最大冲刺速度外，所有表现都在 15 周的训练中显著提高：最大机械功率输出（Pmax：+12.8%），30 秒平均功率（Pmean：+10.8%），卧推（+5.7%），深蹲（+23.1%），力量清洁（+6.1%），3000 米和 30 米冲刺时间（分别为-3.6%和-1.3%）。在 C 增加的期间，T 没有显著变化。T/C 比值的变化模式与 C 的变化模式相反。我们发现唾液 T、C 和 T/C 与爆发力的变化之间存在很强的相关性。我们的结果表明，关于受试者唾液 C、T 和 T/C 的数据可用于优化需要同时发展力量和有氧健身能力的运动员的训练过程。
