Lucas Edralin A, Wild Robert D, Hammond Lisa J, Khalil Dania A, Juma Shanil, Daggy Bruce P, Stoecker Barbara J, Arjmandi Bahram H
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, USA.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Apr;87(4):1527-32. doi: 10.1210/jcem.87.4.8374.
The risk of cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis drastically increases at the onset of menopause. Phytoestrogens have been suggested to inhibit bone loss and protect the cardiovascular system, in part by improving lipid profiles. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of flaxseed, a rich source of the phytoestrogens called lignans, on lipid metabolism and biomarkers of bone turnover in postmenopausal women. Postmenopausal women who were not on hormone replacement therapy were assigned to one of two treatment groups in a double-blind randomized study. Women were asked to consume 40 g of either ground flaxseed or wheat-based comparative control regimen daily for 3 months. In addition, all subjects received 1,000 mg calcium and 400 IU vitamin D daily. Flaxseed supplementation lowered (P < 0.05) both serum total cholesterol and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol by 6%, whereas the comparative control regimen had no such effect. Flaxseed regimen reduced serum levels of both low-density- and high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol by 4.7% and triglyceride by 12.8%, albeit not statistically significant. Serum apolipoprotein A-1 and apolipoprotein B concentrations were significantly (P < 0.005) reduced by 6 and 7.5%, respectively, by the flaxseed regimen. Markers of bone formation and resorption were not affected by either of the treatments. The findings of this study indicate that flaxseed supplementation improves lipid profiles but has no effect on biomarkers of bone metabolism in postmenopausal women.
心血管疾病和骨质疏松症的风险在绝经开始时会急剧增加。有人提出植物雌激素可以抑制骨质流失并保护心血管系统，部分原因是通过改善血脂状况。本研究的目的是研究亚麻籽（一种富含称为木脂素的植物雌激素的来源）对绝经后妇女脂质代谢和骨转换生物标志物的影响。在一项双盲随机研究中，未接受激素替代疗法的绝经后妇女被分配到两个治疗组之一。要求女性每天食用40克磨碎的亚麻籽或基于小麦的对照方案，持续3个月。此外，所有受试者每天接受1000毫克钙和400国际单位维生素D。补充亚麻籽使血清总胆固醇和非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇均降低（P<0.05）6%，而对照方案则没有这种效果。亚麻籽方案使低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的血清水平分别降低4.7%，甘油三酯降低12.8%，尽管无统计学意义。亚麻籽方案使血清载脂蛋白A-1和载脂蛋白B浓度分别显著（P<0.005）降低6%和7.5%。两种治疗方法均未影响骨形成和骨吸收的标志物。本研究结果表明，补充亚麻籽可改善血脂状况，但对绝经后妇女的骨代谢生物标志物没有影响。
