Battino M, Ferreiro M S, Gallardo I, Newman H N, Bullon P
Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ancona, Ancona, Italy.
J Clin Periodontol. 2002 Mar;29(3):189-94. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-051x.2002.290301x.x.
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Saliva, a heterogeneous fluid comprising proteins, glycoproteins, electrolytes, small organic molecules and compounds transported from the blood, constantly bathes the teeth and oral mucosa. It acts as a cleansing solution, an ion reservoir, a lubricant and a buffer. In addition to its other host-protective properties, saliva could constitute a first line of defence against free radical-mediated oxidative stress, since the process of mastication and digestion of ingested foods promotes a variety of reactions, including lipid peroxidation. Moreover, during gingival inflammation, gingival crevicular fluid flow increases the change of saliva composition with products from the inflammatory response; this, in turn, could have some rôle in controlling and/or modulating oxidative damages in the oral cavity. This is the reason why the antioxidant capacity of saliva has led to increasing interest, and the development of techniques suitable for saliva antioxidant evaluation.
Here, we review the current peer-reviewed literature concerning the nature and characteristics of free radicals, reactive oxygen species, oxidants, pro-oxidants and antioxidants in saliva, especially pro-oxidant and antioxidant features, as well as current methods for assessing the antioxidant capacity of saliva.
In the last decade, several methods have been developed for assaying the antioxidant activity of saliva, indicating an increasing interest of researchers and clinicians. Unfortunately, systematic studies of saliva are still lacking, even in healthy populations.
背景/目的：唾液是一种由蛋白质、糖蛋白、电解质、小分子有机分子以及从血液中转运而来的化合物组成的异质液体，它持续地冲洗牙齿和口腔黏膜。唾液起着清洁液、离子储存库、润滑剂和缓冲剂的作用。除了具有其他保护机体的特性外，唾液可能构成抵御自由基介导的氧化应激的第一道防线，因为咀嚼和消化摄入食物的过程会促进包括脂质过氧化在内的多种反应。此外，在牙龈炎症期间，龈沟液流量增加，会使唾液成分因炎症反应产物而发生变化；这反过来可能在控制和/或调节口腔内的氧化损伤方面发挥一定作用。这就是为什么唾液的抗氧化能力越来越受到关注，以及适合评估唾液抗氧化能力的技术得以发展的原因。
在此，我们综述了当前关于唾液中自由基、活性氧、氧化剂、促氧化剂和抗氧化剂的性质和特征的同行评议文献，特别是促氧化剂和抗氧化剂的特征，以及目前评估唾液抗氧化能力的方法。
在过去十年中，已经开发了几种用于测定唾液抗氧化活性的方法，这表明研究人员和临床医生对此的兴趣与日俱增。不幸的是，即使在健康人群中，对唾液的系统性研究仍然缺乏。
