Lende Daniel H, Smith E O
Department of Anthropology Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
Addiction. 2002 Apr;97(4):447-58. doi: 10.1046/j.1360-0443.2002.00022.x.
Evolutionary theory can inform the biopsychosocial approach to addictive behavior through the use of adaptationist thinking, or how natural selection has shaped the mechanisms and processes underlying addiction. Covering how evolutionary theory relates to biology, psychology and sociality, this paper examines three components to drug use and abuse: a biological mechanism (mesolimbic dopamine), a developmental trajectory (attachment) and a social phylogeny (dominance, submission, social dependence). The paper argues for a salience (or wanting) view of the function of dopamine; outlines how attachment affects time perspective, closure of internal models and self-regulation; and examines how inequality affects drug abuse and how social dependence and manipulative behaviors can play a role in relationships with drugs. The article concludes with an analysis of how the adaptive approach applies to interventions against addictive behavior.
进化理论可以通过运用适应主义思维，即自然选择如何塑造成瘾行为背后的机制和过程，来为成瘾行为的生物心理社会方法提供依据。本文涵盖了进化理论与生物学、心理学和社会性的关系，探讨了药物使用和滥用的三个组成部分：一种生物机制（中脑边缘多巴胺）、一种发展轨迹（依恋）和一种社会系统发育（支配、服从、社会依赖）。本文主张对多巴胺的功能持一种显著性（或渴望）观点；概述了依恋如何影响时间观念、内部模型的闭合和自我调节；并研究了不平等如何影响药物滥用，以及社会依赖和操纵行为如何在与药物的关系中发挥作用。文章最后分析了适应性方法如何应用于成瘾行为的干预。
