Geller Alan C, Cantor Maura, Miller Donald R, Kenausis Kristin, Rosseel Kevin, Rutsch Linda, Brooks Daniel R, Zhang Zi, Demierre Marie France
Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
J Am Acad Dermatol. 2002 May;46(5):683-9. doi: 10.1067/mjd.2002.121034.
Melanoma, the most fatal form of skin cancer, is rising at a rate faster than that of all preventable cancers except lung cancer in the United States. Childhood exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light increases the risk for skin cancer as an adult; thus starting positive sun protection habits early may be key to reducing incidence.
We evaluated the US Environmental Protection Agency's SunWise School Program, a national, environmental education program for sun safety of children in primary and secondary schools (kindergarten through eighth grade). The program was evaluated with surveys administered to participating students. An identical 18-question, self-administered survey was completed by students (median age, 10 years) in the classroom before and immediately after the SunWise educational program.
Surveys were completed by students in 40 schools before (pretests; n = 1894) and after the program was presented (post-tests; n = 1815). Significant improvement was noted for the 3 knowledge variables: appropriate type of sunscreen to be used for outdoor play, highest UV Index number, and need for hats and shirts outside. Intentions to play in the shade increased from 73% to 78% (P <.001), with more modest changes in intentions to use sunscreen. Attitudes regarding healthiness of a tan also decreased significantly.
Brief, standardized sun protection education can be efficiently interwoven into school health education and result in improvements in knowledge and positive intentions for sun protection.
黑色素瘤是皮肤癌中最致命的一种，在美国，其发病率的上升速度比除肺癌外的所有可预防癌症都要快。儿童时期暴露于紫外线（UV）下会增加成年后患皮肤癌的风险；因此，尽早养成积极的防晒习惯可能是降低发病率的关键。
我们评估了美国环境保护局的“阳光明智学校计划”，这是一项针对中小学（幼儿园至八年级）儿童阳光安全的全国性环境教育计划。该计划通过对参与学生进行调查来评估。在“阳光明智”教育计划之前和之后，学生（中位年龄10岁）在课堂上完成了一份相同的18道题的自填式调查问卷。
40所学校的学生在该计划实施前（预测试；n = 1894）和实施后（后测试；n = 1815）完成了调查问卷。在三个知识变量方面有显著改善：户外玩耍时应使用的合适防晒霜类型、最高紫外线指数数值以及户外时对帽子和衬衫的需求。在阴凉处玩耍的意愿从73%增加到78%（P <.001），使用防晒霜的意愿变化较小。对晒黑健康程度的态度也显著下降。
简短、标准化的防晒教育可以有效地融入学校健康教育中，并能提高防晒知识水平和形成积极的防晒意愿。
