Rice Nathan D, Winston Mark L, Whittington Robin, Higo Heathier A
Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
J Econ Entomol. 2002 Apr;95(2):221-6. doi: 10.1603/0022-0493-95.2.221.
Two major parasitic pests threaten honey bee populations, the external mite Varroa destructor and the internal mite Acarapis woodi (Rennie). Varroa are beginning to develop resistance to the main chemical defense fluvalinate, and alternative control methods are being pursued. Previous studies have shown that botanical oils, especially thymol, can be effective. Six release devices for either thymol or a blend of botanical oils known as Magic 3 were tested in beehives. The release devices were as follows: (1) low density polyethylene (LDPE) sleeves filled with Magic 3, (2) Magic 3-infused florist blocks, (3) thymol infused florist blocks, (4) a canola oil and thymol mixture wick release, (5) a plastic strip coated with calcium carbonate and Magic 3, and (6) an untreated control. There were significant decreases in varroa levels with the use of Magic 3 sleeves, but brood levels also decreased. Tracheal mite levels significantly decreased with the Magic 3 sleeve treatment, the Magic 3 florist block treatment, and the thymol canola wick treatment. A second experiment showed that changing the location of Magic 3 sleeves in the colony did not detrimentally effect brood levels, but also did not effectively control varroa mites.
两种主要的寄生害虫威胁着蜜蜂种群，即外部螨虫狄斯瓦螨（Varroa destructor）和内部螨虫武氏蜂盾螨（Acarapis woodi，伦尼）。狄斯瓦螨开始对主要化学防御药物氟氯苯菊酯产生抗性，人们正在寻求替代控制方法。先前的研究表明，植物油，尤其是百里香酚，可能有效。在蜂箱中测试了六种用于释放百里香酚或一种名为Magic 3的植物精油混合物的装置。释放装置如下：（1）装有Magic 3的低密度聚乙烯（LDPE）套筒，（2）浸有Magic 3的花店用花泥块，（3）浸有百里香酚的花店用花泥块，（4）菜籽油和百里香酚混合物的灯芯释放装置，（5）涂有碳酸钙和Magic 3的塑料条，以及（6）未处理的对照。使用Magic 3套筒后狄斯瓦螨数量显著减少，但幼虫数量也减少了。气管螨数量在使用Magic 3套筒处理、Magic 3花店用花泥块处理和百里香酚菜籽油灯芯处理后显著减少。第二项实验表明，改变蜂群中Magic 3套筒的位置对幼虫数量没有不利影响，但也不能有效控制狄斯瓦螨。
