Harrisson Madelaine, Loiselle Carmen G, Duquette André, Semenic Sonia E
Department of Physiology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
J Adv Nurs. 2002 Jun;38(6):584-91. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2648.2002.02225.x.
Although nursing assistants (NAs) represent a large segment of Canadian health care providers, little is known about psychosocial factors related to their physical and psychological well-being and how these compare with their registered nurse (RN) counterparts.
Guided by Maddi and Kobasa's theoretical framework of Factors Affecting Health-Illness Status, the purpose of the present study was to examine relationships among hardiness, psychological distress and work support in NAs, and to compare results with those from a sample of RNs.
A random sample of 171 NAs in Quebec completed self-report questionnaires. The study instruments included validated French-Canadian versions of Kobasa's Hardiness Scale, Ilfeld's Psychiatric Symptom Index, and Moos' Work Relationship Index.
As theoretically predicted, statistically significant correlations were found between hardiness and psychological distress (r = -0.42; P < 0.001), hardiness and work support (r = 0.27; P < 0.001), and between work support and psychological distress (r = -0.21; P < 0.001). Using a mediational model and multiple regression analyses, hardiness among NAs was found to be a significant mediator between work support and psychological distress. Comparative analyses revealed that whereas NAs and RNs reported similar levels of psychological distress (P = 0.25) and work support (P = 0.13), NAs reported significantly less hardiness (t = -5.58; P < 0.01). In addition, NAs and RNs reported significantly more psychological distress than the general population of Quebec, Canada (t = 9.07 and 22.84, P < 0.01, respectively).
Results add support to Maddi and Kobasa's theoretical propositions linking personal and contextual resources to health-related outcomes and offer insights into specific factors that may affect the health and well-being of both NAs and RNs as well as their work climate.
尽管护理助理是加拿大医疗保健提供者中的一大群体，但对于与他们身心健康相关的社会心理因素，以及这些因素与注册护士相比情况如何，我们知之甚少。
以马迪和科巴萨的影响健康 - 疾病状态因素理论框架为指导，本研究的目的是检验护理助理的心理韧性、心理困扰和工作支持之间的关系，并将结果与注册护士样本的结果进行比较。
对魁北克的171名护理助理进行随机抽样，让他们完成自我报告问卷。研究工具包括经过验证的法裔加拿大人版本的科巴萨心理韧性量表、伊尔费尔德精神症状指数和穆斯工作关系指数。
正如理论预测的那样，心理韧性与心理困扰之间存在显著的统计学相关性（r = -0.42；P < 0.001），心理韧性与工作支持之间存在显著的统计学相关性（r = 0.27；P < 0.001），工作支持与心理困扰之间也存在显著的统计学相关性（r = -0.21；P < 0.001）。使用中介模型和多元回归分析发现，护理助理的心理韧性是工作支持和心理困扰之间的重要中介因素。比较分析表明，护理助理和注册护士报告的心理困扰水平相似（P = 0.25），工作支持水平也相似（P = 0.13），但护理助理报告的心理韧性明显较低（t = -5.58；P < 0.01）。此外，护理助理和注册护士报告的心理困扰明显多于加拿大魁北克的普通人群（t分别为9.07和22.84，P < 0.01）。
研究结果支持了马迪和科巴萨将个人和情境资源与健康相关结果联系起来的理论命题，并为可能影响护理助理和注册护士的健康与幸福以及他们的工作氛围的具体因素提供了见解。
