Tenenbaum Harriet R, Leaper Campbell
Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Cruz 95064, USA.
Dev Psychol. 2002 Jul;38(4):615-30. doi: 10.1037//0012-1649.38.4.615.
Meta-analyses were conducted of 43 articles (with 48 different samples) investigating the relationship between parents' gender schemas and their offspring's gender-related cognitions. The parents' offspring ranged in age from infancy to early adulthood. Offspring measures included gender self-concept, gender attitudes toward others, gender-related interests, and occupational attitudes. Overall, a small but meaningful effect size (r = .16) indicated a significant and positive correlation between parent gender schemas and offspring measures. Specifically, parents with more traditional gender schemas were more likely than parents with more nontraditional schemas to have offspring with gender-typed cognitions about themselves or others. In addition, the magnitudes of observed effect sizes were influenced by particular moderator variables, including type of parent gender schema (gender self-concept vs. gender attitudes toward others), type of offspring gender-related cognitions, parent gender, offspring gender, offspring age, and publication characteristics. The results are cautiously interpreted as suggesting a possible influence of parents on the development of their children's gender-related thinking.
对43篇文章（包含48个不同样本）进行了荟萃分析，这些文章研究了父母的性别图式与其子女的性别相关认知之间的关系。父母的子女年龄范围从婴儿期到成年早期。子女的测量指标包括性别自我概念、对他人的性别态度、与性别相关的兴趣以及职业态度。总体而言，一个虽小但有意义的效应量（r = 0.16）表明父母的性别图式与子女的测量指标之间存在显著的正相关。具体而言，与具有更非传统性别图式的父母相比，具有更传统性别图式的父母更有可能生育对自己或他人具有性别类型认知的子女。此外，观察到的效应量大小受到特定调节变量的影响，包括父母性别图式的类型（性别自我概念与对他人的性别态度）、子女性别相关认知的类型、父母性别、子女性别、子女年龄以及发表特征。结果被谨慎地解释为表明父母可能对其子女性别相关思维的发展产生影响。
