Chandra R K
Memorial University of Newfoundland, Janeway Child Health Centre, St John's, Newfoundland, Canada.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2002 Aug;56 Suppl 3:S54-6. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601487.
Allergic disease is a common cause of morbidity, particularly in young children. The prevalence of allergic disease has increased in the last 20 y in most countries. The sequential order of occurrence of allergy is food hypersensitivity, gastrointestinal manifestations, atopic eczema, asthma and hay fever. A variety of factors increase the risk of allergic disease, for example hereditary predisposition, exposure to 'allergenic' foods and environmental triggers such as house dust mites and tobacco in early life. Prolonged breast feeding, the use of a partial whey hydrolysed formula, delayed introduction of certain 'allergenic foods', and avoidance of inhalant allergens reduces the incidence of eczema and asthma, especially in high-risk infants. These preventive measures are extremely cost-effective and should be adopted widely at the community level.
过敏性疾病是发病的常见原因，尤其在幼儿中。在过去20年里，大多数国家过敏性疾病的患病率都有所上升。过敏发生的先后顺序是食物过敏、胃肠道表现、特应性皮炎、哮喘和花粉热。多种因素会增加过敏性疾病的风险，例如遗传易感性、接触“致敏”食物以及早期生活中的环境触发因素，如屋尘螨和烟草。延长母乳喂养时间、使用部分乳清水解配方奶粉、延迟引入某些“致敏食物”以及避免吸入性过敏原可降低湿疹和哮喘的发病率，尤其是在高危婴儿中。这些预防措施极具成本效益，应在社区层面广泛采用。
