Towner Elizabeth, Dowswell Therese
Community Child Health, Department of Child Health, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Donald Court House, 13 Walker Terrace, Gateshead NE8 1EB, UK.
Health Promot Int. 2002 Sep;17(3):273-84. doi: 10.1093/heapro/17.3.273.
Unintentional injury, with its broad range of injury types, possible countermeasures, and great number of agencies involved in its prevention, lends itself to community-based approaches. In this paper we examine 10 community-based injury prevention programmes that have targeted childhood injury prevention and have been evaluated using some measure of outcome. We investigate the nature of the intervention, targeting, the length of programmes and multi-agency involvement. We also consider how the programmes have been evaluated, and what outcome, impact and process measures have been used. The information on the intervention and how it was evaluated, how effective the programme was, and the strength of the evidence, is summarized in tabular form. There is increasing evidence emerging about the effectiveness of community-based approaches in injury prevention. Important elements of such approaches are long-term strategy, effective focused leadership, multi-agency collaboration, tailoring to the needs of the local community, the use of local injury surveillance, and time to coordinate existing and develop new local networks. We recommend that there is a need to develop indicators to assess and monitor a culture of safety, programme sustainability and long-term community involvement.
意外伤害因其广泛的伤害类型、可能的应对措施以及众多参与预防工作的机构，适合采用基于社区的方法。在本文中，我们研究了10个以预防儿童伤害为目标并通过某种结果指标进行评估的基于社区的伤害预防项目。我们调查了干预措施的性质、目标人群、项目时长以及多机构参与情况。我们还考虑了这些项目是如何被评估的，以及使用了哪些结果、影响和过程指标。关于干预措施及其评估方式、项目的有效性以及证据的力度等信息，以表格形式进行了总结。越来越多的证据表明基于社区的方法在伤害预防方面是有效的。此类方法的重要要素包括长期战略、有效的重点领导、多机构合作、根据当地社区需求进行调整、利用当地伤害监测以及有时间协调现有工作并发展新的当地网络。我们建议有必要制定指标来评估和监测安全文化、项目可持续性以及社区长期参与情况。
