Tang Xiao-Jiang, Li Lai-Yu, Huang Jian-Xun, Deng Ying-Yu
Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Center for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou 510300, China.
Biomed Environ Sci. 2002 Jun;15(2):113-8.
To study the contact allergenic activities of trichloroethylene (TCE) and its three metabolites trichloroacetic acid, trichloroethanol and chloral hydrate.
A modified guinea pig maximization test (GPMT) was adopted. The skin sensitization (edema and erythema) was observed in trichloroethylene, trichloroacetic acid, trichloroethanol, chloral hydrate and 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene.
The allergenic rate of TCE, trichloroacetic acid and 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene was 71.4%, 58.3% and 100.0% respectively, and that of trichloroethanol and chloral hydrate was 0%. The mean response score of TCE, trichloroacetic acid and 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene was 2.3, 1.1, 6.0 respectively. The histopathological analysis also showed an induction of allergenic transformation in guinea pig skin by both TCE and trichloroacetic acid.
TCE appears to be a strong allergen while trichloroacetic acid a moderate one. On the other hand, both trichloroethanol and chloral hydrate are weak sensitization potentials. Immunologic reaction induced by TCE might be postulated as the pathological process of this illness. Consequently, it is suggested that in the mechanism of Occupational Dermatitis Medicamentose-Like (ODML) induced by TCE, the chemical itself might be the main cause of allergy. As one of its metabolic products, trichloroacetic acid might be a subordinate factor.
研究三氯乙烯（TCE）及其三种代谢产物三氯乙酸、三氯乙醇和水合氯醛的接触致敏活性。
采用改良的豚鼠最大化试验（GPMT）。观察三氯乙烯、三氯乙酸、三氯乙醇、水合氯醛和2,4-二硝基氯苯引起的皮肤致敏（水肿和红斑）情况。
TCE、三氯乙酸和2,4-二硝基氯苯的致敏率分别为71.4%、58.3%和100.0%，而三氯乙醇和水合氯醛的致敏率为0%。TCE、三氯乙酸和2,4-二硝基氯苯的平均反应评分为2.3、1.1、6.0。组织病理学分析还显示，TCE和三氯乙酸均可诱导豚鼠皮肤发生致敏性转变。
TCE似乎是一种强变应原，而三氯乙酸是一种中度变应原。另一方面，三氯乙醇和水合氯醛的致敏潜力较弱。TCE诱导的免疫反应可能被认为是该疾病的病理过程。因此，提示在TCE诱发职业性药物性皮炎样（ODML）的机制中，化学物质本身可能是过敏的主要原因。作为其代谢产物之一，三氯乙酸可能是次要因素。
