13世纪穆斯林学者毛拉纳的教义中所提到的“生物伦理四大原则”。
The 'four principles of bioethics' as found in 13th century Muslim scholar Mawlana's teachings.
作者信息
Aksoy Sahin, Tenik Ali
机构信息
Faculty of Medicine, Department Medical Ethics and History of Medicine, Harran University, 63300 Sanliurfa, Turkey.
出版信息
BMC Med Ethics. 2002 Oct 8;3:E4. doi: 10.1186/1472-6939-3-4.
BACKGROUND
There have been different ethical approaches to the issues in the history of philosophy. Two American philosophers Beachump and Childress formulated some ethical principles namely 'respect to autonomy', 'justice', 'beneficence' and 'non-maleficence'. These 'four principles' were presented by the authors as universal and applicable to any culture and society. Mawlana, a great figure in Sufi tradition, had written many books which not only guide people how to worship God to be close to Him, but also advise people how to lead a good life to enrich their personality, as well as to create a harmonious society and a peaceful world.
METHODS
In this study we examined the major works of Mawlana to find out which of these 'four principles of bioethics' exist in Mawlana's ethical understanding.
RESULTS
We have found in our study that all these principles exist in Mawlana's writings and philosophy in one form or another.
CONCLUSIONS
We have concluded that, further to Beachump and Childress' claim that these principles are universal and applicable to any culture and society, these principles have always existed in different moral traditions in different ways, of which Mawlana's teaching might be presented as a good example.
背景
在哲学史上，针对各种问题存在着不同的伦理方法。两位美国哲学家比彻姆（Beachump）和蔡尔德雷斯（Childress）制定了一些伦理原则，即“尊重自主性”“正义”“善行”和“不伤害”。作者将这些“四项原则”视为普遍适用且适用于任何文化和社会的原则。毛拉纳（Mawlana）是苏菲传统中的一位伟大人物，他撰写了许多书籍，这些书籍不仅指导人们如何敬拜真主以接近他，还建议人们如何过上美好的生活以丰富自身人格，以及创建一个和谐的社会与和平的世界。
方法
在本研究中，我们研读了毛拉纳的主要著作，以查明毛拉纳的伦理观念中是否存在这些“生物伦理四项原则”。
结果
我们在研究中发现，所有这些原则都以某种形式存在于毛拉纳的著作和哲学思想中。
结论
我们得出结论，除了比彻姆和蔡尔德雷斯所宣称的这些原则具有普遍性且适用于任何文化和社会之外，这些原则始终以不同方式存在于不同的道德传统中，毛拉纳的教义或许就是一个很好的例证。
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