Reeder Glenn D, Kumar Shamala, Hesson-McInnis Matthew S, Trafimow David
Department of Psychology, Illinois State University, Normal 61790, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2002 Oct;83(4):789-803. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.83.4.789.
The research investigated perceivers' inferences about the morality of target persons who engaged in aggressive behavior. Across several experiments, inferences about the morality of an aggressor were based more on the perceived motives of the target than on the presence of facilitating situational forces. For example, when a target's aggression was facilitated by personal rewards for aggression (instrumental aggression), perceivers inferred more negative motives and attributed lower morality to the target than when the target's aggression was facilitated by situational provocation (reactive aggression). The results suggest that perceived motives play an important role in dispositional inference and pose a problem for models that focus primarily on perceived causality, assumptions about base rates (consensus), or diagnosticity.
该研究调查了感知者对实施攻击行为的目标人物道德性的推断。在多个实验中，对攻击者道德性的推断更多地基于对目标的感知动机，而非促进攻击行为的情境力量的存在。例如，当目标的攻击行为因攻击的个人奖励（工具性攻击）而得到促进时，与目标的攻击行为因情境挑衅（反应性攻击）而得到促进相比，感知者推断出更负面的动机，并将更低的道德性归因于目标。结果表明，感知动机在倾向性推断中起着重要作用，并给主要关注感知因果关系、关于基础概率（共识）的假设或诊断性的模型带来了问题。
