Roediger Henry L, Gallo David A, Geraci Lisa
Department of Psychology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63105, USA.
Memory. 2002 Sep-Nov;10(5-6):319-32. doi: 10.1080/09658210224000144.
Processing approaches to cognition have a long history, from act psychology to the present, but perhaps their greatest boost was given by the success and dominance of the levels-of-processing framework. We review the history of processing approaches, and explore the influence of the levels-of-processing approach, the procedural approach advocated by Paul Kolers, and the transfer-appropriate processing framework. Processing approaches emphasise the procedures of mind and the idea that memory storage can be usefully conceptualised as residing in the same neural units that originally processed information at the time of encoding. Processing approaches emphasise the unity and interrelatedness of cognitive processes and maintain that they can be dissected into separate faculties only by neglecting the richness of mental life. We end by pointing to future directions for processing approaches.
认知的加工方法有着悠久的历史，从行为心理学一直到现在，但或许加工水平框架的成功与主导地位对其起到了极大的推动作用。我们回顾了加工方法的历史，并探讨了加工水平方法、保罗·科勒斯倡导的程序方法以及迁移适当加工框架的影响。加工方法强调思维的程序，以及这样一种观点，即记忆存储可以有效地被概念化为存在于最初在编码时处理信息的相同神经单元中。加工方法强调认知过程的统一性和相互关联性，并坚持认为只有忽视心理生活的丰富性，才能将它们分解为不同的官能。我们最后指出了加工方法的未来发展方向。
