Human simulation in emergency medicine training: a model curriculum.

The authors propose a three-year curriculum for emergency medicine residents using human simulation both to teach and to assess the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) core competencies. Human simulation refers to a variety of technologies that allow residents to work through realistic patient problems so as to allow them to make mistakes, learn, and be evaluated without exposing a real patient to risk. This curriculum incorporates 15 simulated patient encounters with gradually increasing difficulty, complexity, and realism into a three-year emergency medicine residency. The core competencies are incorporated into each case, focusing on the areas of patient care, interpersonal skills and communication, professionalism, and practice based learning and improvement. Because of the limitations of current assessment tools, the demonstration of resident competence is used only for formative evaluations. Limitations of this proposal and difficulties in implementation are discussed, along with a description of the organization and initiation of the simulation program.