Brooks Rechele, Meltzoff Andrew N
Center for Mind, Brain, and Learning, University of Washington, Seattle 98195-7920, USA.
Dev Psychol. 2002 Nov;38(6):958-66. doi: 10.1037//0012-1649.38.6.958.
Two studies assessed the gaze following of 12-, 14-, and 18-month-old infants. The experimental manipulation was whether an adult could see the targets. In Experiment 1, the adult turned to targets with either open or closed eyes. Infants at all ages looked at the adult's target more in the open- versus closed-eyes condition. In Experiment 2, an inanimate occluder, a blindfold, was compared with a headband control. Infants 14- and 18-months-old looked more at the adult's target in the headband condition. Infants were not simply responding to adult head turning, which was controlled, but were sensitive to the status of the adult's eyes. In the 2nd year, infants interpreted adult looking as object-directed--an act connecting the gazer and the object.
两项研究评估了12个月、14个月和18个月大婴儿的视线追随能力。实验操作是看成人是否能看到目标物。在实验1中，成人睁眼或闭眼转向目标物。所有年龄段的婴儿在成人睁眼与闭眼条件下，更多地看向成人的目标物。在实验2中，将无生命的遮挡物（眼罩）与头带控制组进行比较。14个月和18个月大的婴儿在头带条件下更多地看向成人的目标物。婴儿并非简单地对已得到控制的成人转头动作做出反应，而是对成人眼睛的状态敏感。在第二年，婴儿将成人的注视理解为指向物体——一种连接注视者和物体的行为。
