Nordberg Gunnar, Jin Taiyi, Bernard Alfred, Fierens Sebastien, Buchet Jean Pierre, Ye Tingting, Kong Qinghu, Wang Hongfu
Unit of Environmental Medicine, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden.
Ambio. 2002 Sep;31(6):478-81. doi: 10.1579/0044-7447-31.6.478.
This paper presents the main findings of a study on health effects of environmental cadmium pollution in China, performed in 1998, i.e. approximately 25 years after the first warnings of such effects were published in Ambio. Forearm bone mineral density (BMD) and renal dysfunction were assessed in population groups exposed to cadmium via rice. Decreased BMD was found in postmenopausal women with elevated urinary cadmium (CdU) or cadmium in blood (CdB) and among men with elevated CdB. Also, clear and statistically significant dose-effect and dose-response relationships were found between CdB or CdU and renal dysfunction (increased excretion of retinol-binding protein). This is the first report of bone effects among Cd-exposed population groups in Asia outside Japan. The report is also of interest since it demonstrates that bone effects, a comparatively severe adverse health effect of Cd, in combination with renal dysfunction, still occurs in environmentally exposed population groups in Asia. Recent reports on bone effects in Cd-exposed population groups in Europe are discussed.
本文介绍了一项关于中国环境镉污染对健康影响的研究的主要发现。该研究于1998年开展，即自《人类环境杂志》首次发布此类影响的警告约25年后。对通过大米接触镉的人群组进行了前臂骨矿物质密度（BMD）和肾功能障碍评估。在尿镉（CdU）或血镉（CdB）升高的绝经后女性以及CdB升高的男性中发现BMD降低。此外，在CdB或CdU与肾功能障碍（视黄醇结合蛋白排泄增加）之间发现了明确且具有统计学意义的剂量效应和剂量反应关系。这是日本以外亚洲镉暴露人群组中首次关于骨骼影响的报告。该报告也很有意义，因为它表明镉对健康的一种相对严重的不良影响——骨骼影响，与肾功能障碍一起，仍在亚洲环境暴露人群组中出现。文中还讨论了欧洲近期关于镉暴露人群组骨骼影响的报告。
