Graphodatsky A S, Yang F, Perelman P L, O'Brien P C M, Serdukova N A, Milne B S, Biltueva L S, Fu B, Vorobieva N V, Kawada S I, Robinson T J, Ferguson-Smith M A
Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, Russia.
Cytogenet Genome Res. 2002;96(1-4):137-45. doi: 10.1159/000063032.
We have made a set of chromosome-specific painting probes for the American mink by degenerate oligonucleotide primed-PCR (DOP-PCR) amplification of flow-sorted chromosomes. The painting probes were used to delimit homologous chromosomal segments among human, red fox, dog, cat and eight species of the family Mustelidae, including the European mink, steppe and forest polecats, least weasel, mountain weasel, Japanese sable, striped polecat, and badger. Based on the results of chromosome painting and G-banding, comparative maps between these species have been established. The integrated map demonstrates a high level of karyotype conservation among mustelid species. Comparative analysis of the conserved chromosomal segments among mustelids and outgroup species revealed 18 putative ancestral autosomal segments that probably represent the ancestral chromosomes, or chromosome arms, in the karyotype of the most recent ancestor of the family Mustelidae. The proposed 2n = 38 ancestral Mustelidae karyotype appears to have been retained in some modern mustelids, e.g., Martes, Lutra, Ictonyx, and Vormela. The derivation of the mustelid karyotypes from the putative ancestral state resulted from centric fusions, fissions, the addition of heterochromatic arms, and occasional pericentric inversions. Our results confirm many of the evolutionary conclusions suggested by other data and strengthen the topology of the carnivore phylogenetic tree through the inclusion of genome-wide chromosome rearrangements.
我们通过对美洲水貂流式分选的染色体进行简并寡核苷酸引物聚合酶链反应（DOP-PCR）扩增，制备了一套染色体特异性涂染探针。这些涂染探针被用于界定人类、赤狐、狗、猫以及鼬科的八个物种（包括欧洲水貂、草原鼬和林鼬、伶鼬、黄喉貂、日本貂、艾鼬和獾）之间的同源染色体片段。基于染色体涂染和G带分析的结果，建立了这些物种之间的比较图谱。整合图谱显示鼬科物种之间的核型具有高度保守性。对鼬科物种和外类群物种中保守染色体片段的比较分析揭示了18个推定的祖先常染色体片段，这些片段可能代表了鼬科最近共同祖先核型中的祖先染色体或染色体臂。所提出的2n = 38的祖先鼬科核型似乎在一些现代鼬科动物中得以保留，例如貂属、水獭属、艾鼬属和缟鼬属。鼬科核型从推定的祖先状态的演变是由于着丝粒融合、裂变、异染色质臂的添加以及偶尔的臂间倒位。我们的结果证实了其他数据所提出的许多进化结论，并通过纳入全基因组染色体重排加强了食肉目系统发育树的拓扑结构。
