Hommel Bernhard, Eglau Beatrix
Max Planck Institute for Psychological Research, Munich, Germany.
Psychol Res. 2002 Nov;66(4):260-73. doi: 10.1007/s00426-002-0100-y. Epub 2002 Oct 2.
In contradiction to stimulus-response- (S-R-) translation bottleneck models of dual-task control, stimulus processing in a primary task is affected by its compatibility with the response in a secondary, later performed task (Hommel, 1998a)- an indication of parallel S-R translation. Here we show that this backward-compatibility effect is independent of working-memory load, whether this is induced by an extra memory task (Experiment 1) or by increasing the number of S-R alternatives in the primary task (Experiment 2). However, backward effects occur even when the secondary task is no longer carried out (Experiment 3) and they are strongly affected by the inconsistency of previously used S-R mappings (Experiment 4). These findings suggest that S-R translation is (or can be) capacity-independent and automatic even under multiple-task conditions, and that it is mediated by direct S-R associations that emerge after only little practice.
与双任务控制的刺激-反应（S-R）翻译瓶颈模型相反，主任务中的刺激处理会受到其与后续执行的次任务中的反应之间兼容性的影响（霍梅尔，1998a）——这是并行S-R翻译的一个迹象。我们在此表明，这种向后兼容性效应与工作记忆负荷无关，无论这种负荷是由额外的记忆任务（实验1）还是通过增加主任务中S-R选项的数量（实验2）所诱发。然而，即使不再执行次任务，向后效应依然会出现（实验3），并且它们会受到先前使用的S-R映射不一致性的强烈影响（实验4）。这些发现表明，即使在多任务条件下，S-R翻译也是（或可能是）与容量无关且自动的，并且它是由仅经过少量练习后出现的直接S-R关联所介导的。
