Pollak Charles P, Bright David
Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Neurology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
Pediatrics. 2003 Jan;111(1):42-6. doi: 10.1542/peds.111.1.42.
To survey caffeine use by seventh-, eighth-, and ninth-graders and relate its use to age, sex, sleep characteristics, and day of week
Students kept a daily, 2-week diary of their sleep times and use of caffeine containing drinks and foods. Data were analyzed by fitted multiple regression models
A total of 191 students participated. Caffeine intake ranged between 0 and 800 mg/d. Mean use over 2 weeks ranged up to 379.4 mg/d and averaged 62.7 mg/d (corrected for underrepresentation in our sample of boys, who consumed more caffeine). Higher caffeine intake in general was associated with shorter nocturnal sleep duration, increased wake time after sleep onset, and increased daytime sleep. SLEEP PATTERNS: Mean bedtime was 10:57 PM, and mean wake time was at 7:14 AM. Older children delayed bedtime longer on weekends, and younger ones had longer nightly sleep durations. Sleep duration lengthened on weekends, reflecting the combined effects of the circadian timing system and a mechanism that regulates the duration of sleep. Caffeine (soda) consumption also increased on weekends, for reasons that may be primarily social
Regardless of whether caffeine use disturbed sleep or was consumed to counteract the daytime effect of interrupted sleep, caffeinated beverages had detectable pharmacologic effects. Limitation of the availability of caffeine to teenagers should therefore be considered.
调查七年级、八年级和九年级学生的咖啡因摄入情况，并将其与年龄、性别、睡眠特征和星期几相关联。
学生连续两周每天记录睡眠时间以及含咖啡因饮料和食物的摄入情况。通过拟合多元回归模型对数据进行分析。
共有191名学生参与。咖啡因摄入量在0至800毫克/天之间。两周内的平均摄入量最高达379.4毫克/天，平均为62.7毫克/天（针对我们样本中摄入咖啡因较多的男孩比例不足进行了校正）。总体而言，较高的咖啡因摄入量与夜间睡眠时间缩短、入睡后清醒时间增加以及白天嗜睡有关。睡眠模式：平均就寝时间为晚上10:57，平均起床时间为早上7:14。年龄较大的孩子在周末就寝时间推迟得更久，年龄较小的孩子夜间睡眠时间更长。周末睡眠时间延长，这反映了昼夜节律计时系统和调节睡眠时间的机制的综合作用。周末咖啡因（汽水）摄入量也增加，原因可能主要是社交方面的。
无论咖啡因的摄入是否干扰睡眠，或者是否是为了抵消睡眠中断的白天影响而摄入，含咖啡因饮料都有可检测到的药理作用。因此，应考虑限制青少年获取咖啡因的途径。
