Holmbäck Ulf, Forslund Anders, Lowden Arne, Forslund Jeanette, Akerstedt Torbjörn, Lennernäs Maria, Hambraeus Leif, Stridsberg Mats
Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University Hospital, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
Eur J Nutr. 2003 Apr;42(2):75-83. doi: 10.1007/s00394-003-0386-6.
Night work is becoming more common and shift workers display several metabolic disturbances. Aim To study the endocrine responses in relation to time of day during a 24-h period and how dietary macronutrient composition affects these responses.
Seven males (26-43 y and 19.9-26.6 kg. m(-2)) were studied in a crossover design. Isocaloric diets described as high-carbohydrates (HC; 65 energy percent (E%) carbohydrates and 20E% fat) or high-fat (HF; 40E% carbohydrates and 45E% fat) were given. After a 6-day diet adjustment period, the subjects were kept awake for 24 h in a metabolic unit and were served an isocaloric meal (continuation of respective diet) every 4-h. Blood samples were taken throughout the 24-h period.
Insulin and leptin responses to meal intake differed with respect to time of day (p < 0.05). Time of day affected glucagon, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxin (fT4), total triiodothyronine (tT3), cortisol, chromogranin A (CgA) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) concentrations (p < 0.05). Meal intake decreased cortisol concentration after meals at 0800, 1200 and 0400 but not at 1600, 2000 and 0000 h. The PP's postprandial increase was greater during 0800-1600 h compared to 2000-0800 h. With the HC meals, lower glucagon and CgA concentrations (p < 0.05), and a tendency for lower tT3 concentrations (p = 0.053) were observed compared to the HF meals.
Insulin, PP, TSH, fT4, cortisol and leptin responses to meal intake differed with respect to time of day. The decreased evening/nocturnal responses of cortisol and PP to meal intake indicate that nocturnal eating and night work might have health implications.
夜间工作越来越普遍，轮班工人表现出多种代谢紊乱。目的：研究24小时内与一天中不同时间相关的内分泌反应，以及膳食常量营养素组成如何影响这些反应。
采用交叉设计对7名男性（年龄26 - 43岁，体重指数19.9 - 26.6 kg·m⁻²）进行研究。给予等热量饮食，分为高碳水化合物饮食（HC；碳水化合物提供65%能量，脂肪提供20%能量）或高脂肪饮食（HF；碳水化合物提供40%能量，脂肪提供45%能量）。经过6天的饮食调整期后，受试者在代谢单元中保持清醒24小时，每4小时提供一顿等热量餐（各自饮食的延续）。在整个24小时期间采集血样。
胰岛素和瘦素对进餐的反应在一天中的不同时间有所不同（p < 0.05）。一天中的时间影响胰高血糖素、促甲状腺激素（TSH）、游离甲状腺素（fT4）、总三碘甲状腺原氨酸（tT3）、皮质醇、嗜铬粒蛋白A（CgA）和胰多肽（PP）的浓度（p < 0.05）。进餐使08:00、12:00和凌晨04:00餐后的皮质醇浓度降低，但在16:00、20:00和00:00时未降低。与20:00至次日08:00相比，PP在08:00至16:00期间的餐后升高幅度更大。与HF餐相比，HC餐的胰高血糖素和CgA浓度较低（p < 0.05），tT3浓度有降低趋势（p = 0.053）。
胰岛素、PP、TSH、fT4、皮质醇和瘦素对进餐的反应在一天中的不同时间有所不同。皮质醇和PP对进餐的夜间反应降低表明夜间进食和夜间工作可能对健康有影响。
