Lowden A, Holmbäck U, Akerstedt T, Forslund A, Forslund J, Lennernäs M
Institute for Psychosocial Medicine/Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
J Hum Ergol (Tokyo). 2001 Dec;30(1-2):381-6.
A six-day high-carbohydrate meal (HC; 65 E% (energy percent) carbohydrates, 20 E% fat and 15 E% protein) and a six-day high-fat meal (HF; 40 E% carbohydrates, 45 E% fat and 15 E% protein) were given to seven healthy subjects in a crossover design. On the last day subjects were kept awake for 24 hours in a metabolic laboratory while substrate utilisation and energy expenditure were measured by indirect calorimetry. The subjects were given isocaloric meals every four hours. Results showed that hunger decreased at night (F = 4.2, p < 0.05) and linearly increased after meal intake. Macronutrient composition (fat/carbohydrates) seemed to be of less importance for hunger. Hunger and thirst were found to be strongly associated with gastrointestinal substances, for hunger the strongest being a negative correlation with triacylglycerol (partial correlation = -0.39). It is suggested that it might not be necessary for shift workers to eat full portions at night but that satiation will occur with less food. Possibly lack of adjustment of nocturnal food intake might be one reason why overweight is common in shift work populations.
采用交叉设计，让7名健康受试者分别食用为期6天的高碳水化合物餐（HC；碳水化合物供能比65%（能量百分比），脂肪供能比20%，蛋白质供能比15%）和为期6天的高脂肪餐（HF；碳水化合物供能比40%，脂肪供能比45%，蛋白质供能比15%）。在最后一天，受试者在代谢实验室保持清醒24小时，同时通过间接测热法测量底物利用情况和能量消耗。每4小时给受试者提供等热量餐食。结果显示，饥饿感在夜间下降（F = 4.2，p < 0.05），进餐摄入后呈线性增加。宏量营养素组成（脂肪/碳水化合物）对饥饿感的影响似乎较小。发现饥饿感和口渴感与胃肠道物质密切相关，就饥饿感而言，与三酰甘油的负相关性最强（偏相关系数 = -0.39）。研究表明，轮班工作者夜间可能无需进食足额餐量，少量食物即可产生饱腹感。夜间食物摄入量缺乏调整可能是轮班工作人群中超重现象普遍的原因之一。
