Siakaluk Paul D, Buchanan Lori, Westbury Chris
University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi, USA.
Mem Cognit. 2003 Jan;31(1):100-13. doi: 10.3758/bf03196086.
The effect of semantic distance (Lund & Burgess, 1996) was examined in three semantic categorization experiments. Experiment 1, a yes/no task that required participants to make animal/nonanimal judgments by responding to both sets of stimuli (Forster & Shen, 1996), revealed no effect of semantic distance. Experiment 2, a go/no-go task that required participants to respond to only the experimental (i.e., nonanimal) items, revealed a large effect of semantic distance. In addition, response latencies were longer and error rates were lower to the experimental items in Experiment 2 than to those in Experiment 1. These findings were replicated in Experiment 3, in which semantic distance and task condition were manipulated within subjects. We conclude that these results are consistent with (1) the view that the go/no-go tasks elicited more extensive processing of the experimental items and (2) a connectionist account of semantic activation, whereby processing is facilitated by the presence of semantic neighbors.
在三项语义分类实验中考察了语义距离的影响（Lund和Burgess，1996）。实验1是一个是/否任务，要求参与者通过对两组刺激做出反应来进行动物/非动物判断（Forster和Shen，1996），结果显示语义距离没有影响。实验2是一个执行/不执行任务，要求参与者只对实验性（即非动物）项目做出反应，结果显示语义距离有很大影响。此外，与实验1中的实验项目相比，实验2中实验项目的反应潜伏期更长，错误率更低。这些结果在实验3中得到了重复，在实验3中，语义距离和任务条件在被试内进行了操纵。我们得出结论，这些结果与以下两点一致：（1）执行/不执行任务引发了对实验项目更广泛处理的观点；（2）语义激活的联结主义解释，即语义邻域的存在促进了处理。
