Robinson Gail Erlick
University of Toronto, Women's Mental Health Program, University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Depress Anxiety. 2003;17(3):180-9. doi: 10.1002/da.10069.
We review current data on types of stressors acting on women physicians, the consequences of these stressors and methods of coping with them. We undertook a systematic review of original articles published in the last 15 years and registered mainly on Medline and on the internet websites focusing on these issues. In addition to the pressures acting on all physicians, women physicians face specific stressors related to discrimination, lack of role models and support, role strain, and overload. The depression rate in women physicians does not vary from that of the general public but the rates of successful suicide and divorce are much higher. Women in academic settings are promoted more slowly, have lower salaries, receive fewer resources, and suffer from a range of micro-inequities. They often lack mentors to provide advice and guidance. They must cope with the pressures of choosing when to have a child and conflicts between being a wife and mother and having a career. Despite these pressures, they report a high degree of career satisfaction. Although women physicians suffer from a variety of stressors that can lead to career impediments, stress reactions, and psychiatric problems, generally they are satisfied with their careers. Personal coping techniques can help women deal with these stressors. Pressures will continue until attitudes and practices change in institutional settings. Some institutions are initiating changes to end discrimination against women faculty.
我们回顾了当前关于作用于女医生的压力源类型、这些压力源的后果以及应对方法的数据。我们对过去15年发表的主要在Medline及专注于这些问题的互联网网站上注册的原创文章进行了系统综述。除了作用于所有医生的压力外，女医生还面临与歧视、缺乏榜样和支持、角色压力及工作负担过重相关的特定压力源。女医生的抑郁症发病率与普通大众无异，但成功自杀率和离婚率要高得多。处于学术环境中的女性晋升更慢、薪水更低、获得的资源更少，且遭受一系列微观不平等问题。她们往往缺乏能提供建议和指导的导师。她们必须应对选择何时生育的压力，以及身为人妻、人母与拥有职业之间的冲突。尽管有这些压力，但她们表示职业满意度很高。虽然女医生遭受各种可能导致职业障碍、应激反应和精神问题的压力源，但总体而言她们对自己的职业感到满意。个人应对技巧可帮助女性应对这些压力源。在机构环境中的态度和做法改变之前，压力将持续存在。一些机构正在着手进行变革，以消除对女性教员的歧视。
