Vissink A, Jansma J, Spijkervet F K L, Burlage F R, Coppes R P
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 2003;14(3):199-212. doi: 10.1177/154411130301400305.
In addition to anti-tumor effects, ionizing radiation causes damage in normal tissues located in the radiation portals. Oral complications of radiotherapy in the head and neck region are the result of the deleterious effects of radiation on, e.g., salivary glands, oral mucosa, bone, dentition, masticatory musculature, and temporomandibular joints. The clinical consequences of radiotherapy include mucositis, hyposalivation, taste loss, osteoradionecrosis, radiation caries, and trismus. Mucositis and taste loss are reversible consequences that usually subside early post-irradiation, while hyposalivation is normally irreversible. Furthermore, the risk of developing radiation caries and osteoradionecrosis is a life-long threat. All these consequences form a heavy burden for the patients and have a tremendous impact on their quality of life during and after radiotherapy. In this review, the radiation-induced changes in healthy oral tissues and the resulting clinical consequences are discussed.
除了抗肿瘤作用外，电离辐射还会对位于辐射野内的正常组织造成损伤。头颈部放疗的口腔并发症是辐射对唾液腺、口腔黏膜、骨骼、牙列、咀嚼肌和颞下颌关节等产生有害影响的结果。放疗的临床后果包括黏膜炎、唾液分泌减少、味觉丧失、放射性骨坏死、放射性龋齿和牙关紧闭。黏膜炎和味觉丧失是可逆的后果，通常在放疗后早期消退，而唾液分泌减少通常是不可逆的。此外，发生放射性龋齿和放射性骨坏死的风险是终生的威胁。所有这些后果给患者带来了沉重负担，并对他们放疗期间及放疗后的生活质量产生了巨大影响。在这篇综述中，将讨论辐射引起的健康口腔组织变化及其产生的临床后果。
