Monarca S, Rizzoni M, Gustavino B, Zani C, Alberti A, Feretti D, Zerbini I
Department of Hygiene and Public Health, University of Perugia, Italy.
Environ Mol Mutagen. 2003;41(5):353-9. doi: 10.1002/em.10161.
Disinfection of surface drinking water, in particular water chlorination, results in many by-products with potential genotoxic and/or carcinogenic activity. In the present study, we evaluated the genotoxicity of surface water after treatment with different disinfectants by means of in situ plant genotoxicity assays (micronucleus and chromosomal aberration tests) which can detect both clastogenic and aneugenic effects. The study was carried out at a pilot plant using lake water after sedimentation and filtration. This water supplied four stainless steel basins: three basins were disinfected with sodium hypochlorite, chlorine dioxide, and peracetic acid and the fourth basin containing untreated lake water was used as a control. Plants were exposed in situ in the basins. The study was carried out using water collected in different seasons over a period of about 1 year in order to assess the treatments in different physical and chemical lake water conditions. The micronucleus test in root cells of Vicia faba (Vicia faba/MCN test) revealed genotoxicity in many samples of disinfected water. The micronucleus test in Tradescantia pollen cells and the chromosome aberration test in root cells of Allium cepa showed genotoxic effects only in some disinfected samples, but also revealed genotoxicity in raw water. The results of the study indicated that the Vicia faba/MCN test was the most sensitive plant assay for disinfected water and that peracetic acid disinfection produced similar or lower genotoxicity than sodium hypochlorite or chlorine dioxide treatment.
地表饮用水的消毒，尤其是水的氯化处理，会产生许多具有潜在遗传毒性和/或致癌活性的副产物。在本研究中，我们通过原位植物遗传毒性试验（微核试验和染色体畸变试验）评估了用不同消毒剂处理后的地表水的遗传毒性，这些试验能够检测致断裂效应和非整倍体效应。该研究在一个中试工厂进行，使用的是经过沉淀和过滤后的湖水。这些水被输送到四个不锈钢水池中：三个水池分别用次氯酸钠、二氧化氯和过氧乙酸进行消毒，第四个水池装有未处理的湖水作为对照。植物在水池中进行原位暴露。该研究使用在大约一年时间内不同季节采集的水进行，以便评估在不同理化条件的湖水情况下的处理效果。蚕豆根细胞微核试验（蚕豆/微核试验）显示许多消毒水样品具有遗传毒性。紫露草花粉细胞微核试验和洋葱根尖细胞染色体畸变试验仅在一些消毒样品中显示出遗传毒性，但在原水中也检测到了遗传毒性。研究结果表明，蚕豆/微核试验是检测消毒水遗传毒性最敏感的植物试验，并且过氧乙酸消毒产生的遗传毒性与次氯酸钠或二氧化氯处理相似或更低。
