Crebelli R, Conti L, Monarca S, Feretti D, Zerbini I, Zani C, Veschetti E, Cutilli D, Ottaviani M
Laboratory of Comparative Toxicology and Ecotoxicology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
Water Res. 2005 Mar;39(6):1105-13. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2004.12.029.
Wastewater disinfection is routinely carried out to prevent the spread of human pathogens present in wastewater effluents. To this aim, chemical and physical treatments are applied to the effluents before their emission in water bodies. In this study, the influence of two widely used disinfectants, peracetic acid (PAA) and sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), on the formation of mutagenic by-products was investigated. Wastewater samples were collected before and after disinfection, in winter and in summer, at a pilot plant installed in a municipal wastewater-treatment plant. Samples were adsorbed using silica C18 cartridges and the concentrates were tested for mutagenicity in the Salmonella typhimurium reversion test with strains TA98 and TA100. Non-concentrated water samples were tested with two plant genotoxicity assays (the Allium cepa root anaphase aberration test and the Tradescantia/micronucleus test). Mutagenicity assays in bacteria and in Tradescantia showed borderline mutagenicity in some of the wastewater samples, independent of the disinfection procedure applied. Negative results were obtained in the A. cepa anaphase aberration test. These results indicate that, in the conditions applied, wastewater disinfection with PAA and NaClO does not lead to the formation of significant amounts of genotoxic by-products.
常规进行废水消毒以防止废水中存在的人类病原体传播。为此，在废水排放到水体之前，会对其进行化学和物理处理。在本研究中，研究了两种广泛使用的消毒剂，过氧乙酸（PAA）和次氯酸钠（NaClO）对诱变副产物形成的影响。在冬季和夏季，于一家城市污水处理厂安装的中试装置中，在消毒前后采集废水样本。使用硅胶C18柱对样本进行吸附，并在TA98和TA100菌株的鼠伤寒沙门氏菌回复突变试验中对浓缩物进行致突变性测试。对未浓缩的水样进行两种植物遗传毒性试验（洋葱根尖后期畸变试验和紫露草微核试验）。细菌和紫露草中的致突变性试验表明，部分废水样本具有临界致突变性，与所采用的消毒程序无关。在洋葱根尖后期畸变试验中得到阴性结果。这些结果表明，在所应用的条件下，用PAA和NaClO进行废水消毒不会导致形成大量的遗传毒性副产物。
