Interferon treatment for hepatitis B-associated membranous glomerulonephritis in two Chinese children.

Two Chinese boys, aged 3.5 and 5 years, developed nephrotic syndrome and were chronic carriers of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B virus e antigen (HBeAg). Renal biopsy showed membranous glomerulonephritis and liver biopsy showed chronic persistent hepatitis. They were given interferon-alpha-2a at a dose of 5 MU/m2 on alternate days for 12 and 16 weeks after 2 years of persistent nephrotic syndrome. Patient 1 showed complete remission and resolution of hepatosplenomegaly, but his serum remained positive for HBsAg, HBeAg and hepatitis B virus DNA. Patient 2 showed only a transient clinical response and seroconversion from HBeAg to anti-HBe status. Although not always successful, interferon treatment should be considered in severe persistent nephrotic states, since there is at present no satisfactory treatment for this form of glomerulonephropathy.