Blot Kevin J, Zárate Michael A, Paulus Paul B
Clark University, Boston College, MA, USA.
Exp Psychol. 2003;50(3):171-83. doi: 10.1026//617-3169.50.3.171.
The revised hierarchical model (RHM) of bilingual language processing posits independent word form representations for the dominant language (L1) and the nondominant language (L2), facilitated translation from L2 words to L1 words, access to common concepts for L1 and L2, and stronger activation of concepts for L1 than for L2. Spanish-English and English-Spanish bilinguals brainstormed for two sessions; half switched languages (L1-L2 or L2-L1) and half stayed in the same language (L1-L1 or L2-L2) across sessions. In both sessions, L1 brainstorming resulted in more efficient idea productivity than L2 brainstorming, supporting stronger concept activation for L1, consistent with the RHM. Switching languages from L2 to L1 resulted in the most efficient idea productivity in Session 2, suggesting that switching to L1 not only permits strong concept activation, but also the activation of concepts that are relatively different than those activated by L2, inconsistent with the RHM. Switching languages increased the proportion of Session 1 ideas repeated during Session 2, despite instructions not to repeat. This finding suggests that there is activation of concepts as well as word forms in same language brainstorming and that this dual activation aids in following instructions not to repeat, consistent with the RHM. It is suggested that the RHM be re-specified to accommodate the notion that L1 and L2 access relatively different concepts.
双语语言处理的修订层次模型（RHM）假定，对于优势语言（L1）和非优势语言（L2）存在独立的词形表征，便于从L2单词向L1单词的翻译，L1和L2可获取共同概念，且L1概念的激活强于L2。西班牙语 - 英语和英语 - 西班牙语双语者进行了两轮头脑风暴；其中一半在两轮之间切换语言（L1 - L2或L2 - L1），另一半则保持使用同一种语言（L1 - L1或L2 - L2）。在两轮中，与L2头脑风暴相比，L1头脑风暴产生了更高的想法产出效率，支持L1更强的概念激活，这与RHM一致。在第二轮中，从L2切换到L1的语言转换产生了最高的想法产出效率，这表明切换到L1不仅允许强烈的概念激活，而且还能激活与L2激活的概念相对不同的概念，这与RHM不一致。尽管有不重复的指示，但语言转换增加了在第二轮中重复第一轮想法的比例。这一发现表明，在同一种语言的头脑风暴中存在概念以及词形的激活，并且这种双重激活有助于遵循不重复的指示，这与RHM一致。建议对RHM进行重新设定，以适应L1和L2获取相对不同概念这一观点。
