Hostetler Chris E, Kincaid Ron L, Mirando Mark A
Department of Animal Sciences and Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
Vet J. 2003 Sep;166(2):125-39. doi: 10.1016/s1090-0233(02)00310-6.
This review addresses the concept that essential trace minerals play a vital role in many enzymatic and metabolic pathways that are critical for conceptus development during pregnancy in livestock species. The conceptus relies entirely on the maternal system for a sufficient supply of trace minerals and other nutrients needed for normal development. If this supply is inadequate, growth and/or health of the conceptus can be affected adversely, and many of these effects carry over into the neonatal period. Information, accumulated in our laboratory and presented herein, indicates that zinc, copper and manganese are among the trace minerals that have the greatest impact on reproduction. For example, levels of zinc, copper and manganese were several fold greater in the conceptus than in other reproductive tissues, indicating that the conceptus preferentially accumulates these minerals, an action that may be important for conceptus development, growth and survival. Moreover, some recent results indicate that increasing the biological availability of zinc, copper and manganese, by attachment to short peptide chains (i.e., proteinated trace minerals) can enhance reproductive performance of swine. Mineral concentrations in conceptuses from female pigs consuming proteinated trace minerals were greater than those from females that consumed only inorganic mineral salts. Elucidating the mechanisms whereby conceptus development and survival are enhanced by essential trace minerals may lead to development of specific feeding programs to increase the number and health of offspring at parturition, thereby allowing for further improvements in production efficiency in animal agriculture.
本综述探讨了必需微量元素在许多酶促和代谢途径中发挥关键作用的概念，这些途径对于家畜物种妊娠期的胚胎发育至关重要。胚胎完全依赖母体系统来充分供应其正常发育所需的微量元素和其他营养物质。如果这种供应不足，胚胎的生长和/或健康可能会受到不利影响，而且其中许多影响会延续到新生儿期。我们实验室积累并在本文中呈现的信息表明，锌、铜和锰是对繁殖影响最大的微量元素。例如，胚胎中锌、铜和锰的水平比其他生殖组织中的水平高出几倍，这表明胚胎优先积累这些矿物质，这一行为可能对胚胎的发育、生长和存活很重要。此外，一些最新结果表明，通过与短肽链结合（即蛋白质化微量元素）来提高锌、铜和锰的生物利用率，可以提高母猪的繁殖性能。食用蛋白质化微量元素的母猪所产胚胎中的矿物质浓度高于仅食用无机矿物盐的母猪所产胚胎中的矿物质浓度。阐明必需微量元素促进胚胎发育和存活的机制，可能会导致制定特定的饲养方案，以增加分娩时后代的数量和健康状况，从而进一步提高畜牧业的生产效率。
