Dilkin P, Zorzete P, Mallmann C A, Gomes J D F, Utiyama C E, Oetting L L, Corrêa B
Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas - Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Food Chem Toxicol. 2003 Oct;41(10):1345-53. doi: 10.1016/s0278-6915(03)00137-6.
The effects of chronic oral exposure (28 days) to aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)) and fumonisin B(1) (FB(1)) were studied in weaned piglets. Six experimental groups, each comprising two neutered males and two females, were fed ad libitum with rations containing: (A) 0 mg of FB(1) and 0 mg of AFB(1)/kg of feed (control); (B) 10 mg of FB(1)/kg of feed; (C) 30 mg of FB(1)/kg of feed; (D) 50 microg of AFB(1)/kg of feed; (E) 10 mg of FB(1) plus 50 microg of AFB(1)/kg of feed; (F) 30 mg of FB(1) plus 50 microg of AFB(1)/kg of feed. The animals were inspected twice daily and their body weight and feed consumption were recorded weekly and daily, respectively. Samples of feces and urine were collected 24 h after the start of the experiment, to check for fumonisin residues by HPLC analysis. Blood samples were drawn at the start of the experiment and after 28 days for quantification of hematological and biochemical parameters. Necropsies were performed after 28 days; at necropsy, the organs were weighed, inspected macroscopically and processed for histopathological and toxicological analyses. All piglets from groups C and F presented typical signs of pulmonary edema, with reduced feed consumption and body weight gain as well as pathological alterations. FB(1) was detected in feces and urine at 24 h of intoxication and in liver after 28 days of intoxication. Increases were detected regarding the following hematological and biochemical parameters in animals from treatments C and F: erythrocyte number; hematocrit; total bilirubin; total protein; activity of serum alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase. Cholesterol levels were significantly aumented only in animals from groups C and F, whereas albumin concentrations increased in groups C, F, B and E. The average organ/body weight ratio of piglets (hearth, liver and lung) were significantly greater in groups C and F. The only joint effects of FB(1) and AFB(1) detected (group F) were a decrease in feed consumption during the last week of intoxication and in feed conversion throughout the 28 days of intoxication. Chronic intoxication of piglets with AFB(1) and FB(1) leads to important losses of productivity.
研究了断奶仔猪经口长期暴露（28天）于黄曲霉毒素B1（AFB1）和伏马毒素B1（FB1）的影响。将六个实验组，每组包括两只去势雄性和两只雌性仔猪，随意喂食含以下成分的日粮：（A）0毫克FB1和0毫克AFB1/千克饲料（对照组）；（B）10毫克FB1/千克饲料；（C）30毫克FB1/千克饲料；（D）50微克AFB1/千克饲料；（E）10毫克FB1加50微克AFB1/千克饲料；（F）30毫克FB1加50微克AFB1/千克饲料。每天对动物检查两次，每周和每天分别记录它们的体重和采食量。在实验开始24小时后收集粪便和尿液样本，通过高效液相色谱分析检测伏马毒素残留。在实验开始时和28天后采集血样，用于定量血液学和生化参数。28天后进行剖检；剖检时，对器官称重，进行大体检查，并进行组织病理学和毒理学分析。C组和F组的所有仔猪均出现肺水肿的典型症状，采食量和体重增加减少以及出现病理改变。中毒24小时时在粪便和尿液中检测到FB1，中毒28天后在肝脏中检测到。在C组和F组动物中，以下血液学和生化参数有所增加：红细胞数量；血细胞比容；总胆红素；总蛋白；血清碱性磷酸酶、天冬氨酸转氨酶和丙氨酸转氨酶的活性。仅C组和F组动物的胆固醇水平显著升高，而C组、F组、B组和E组的白蛋白浓度升高。C组和F组仔猪的平均器官/体重比（心脏、肝脏和肺）显著更高。检测到的FB1和AFB1的唯一联合效应（F组）是中毒最后一周采食量减少以及整个28天中毒期饲料转化率降低。仔猪经AFB1和FB1慢性中毒导致重要的生产性能损失。
