Rotter B A, Thompson B K, Prelusky D B, Trenholm H L, Stewart B, Miller J D, Savard M E
Centre for Food and Animal Research, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Nat Toxins. 1996;4(1):42-50. doi: 10.1002/19960401nt6.
Consumption of corn or corn-based products contaminated with Fusarium moniliforme/fumonisins has been associated with a variety of animal and human diseases and is a major food/feed safety issue. This study focused on the clinical toxicity and performance parameters in growing swing exposed to low to moderate levels of pure fumonisin B1 (FB.) for 8 weeks. Male (castrated) and female pigs were fed diets containing 0,0.1,1.0, and 10 mg FB1/kg diet (ppm). Weight gains and feed consumption were measured weekly. Blood samples were collected throughout the study, and various clinical and hematological parameters were measured. Because fumonisins are potent inhibitors of sphingolipid biosynthesis, sphinganine and sphingosine concentrations were determined in the liver, lung, and kidney. Organ weights and carcass quality were measured at the end of the trial. In general, male pigs were more adversely affected by FB1 in the diet than females. The average daily gain for males decreased by 8% for pigs fed 1.0 ppm and by 11% at 10.0 ppm, when compared to the control (0 ppm). Males fed 0.1 ppm showed an erratic growth pattern during the first 5 weeks of the experiment. Feed consumption for the same animals was somewhat higher than that of the controls during each of the first 4 weeks but thereafter was 6-7% lower each week as compared to controls. Female pigs fed FB1-diets showed a general enhancement of feed consumption until week 4. Among clinical chemistry parameters, cholesterol increased in males for the 1.0 and 10.0 ppm diets as compared to controls after 2 weeks, while the levels in both sexes were elevated for the 1.0 ppm diet only by the end of the experiment. Serum liver enzyme concentrations were altered during week 2 only. Changes were observed in the weight of the pancreas and adrenals for male pigs fed FB1 diets as compared to controls. The free sphinganine to free sphingosine ratio (biomarker of exposure in FB1-consuming animals) increased in all three organs for the 10 ppm diet, regardless of sex. The study indicated that FB1 can cause different effects at each dose level, at concentrations as low as 0.1 ppm (showing erratic growth) followed by a reduced growth and biochemical abnormalities in blood (1.0 ppm) and sphingolipid alterations in tissues (10.0 ppm). Some of these effects occurred below the exposure level that caused alteration in sphingolipid metabolism.
食用被串珠镰刀菌/伏马毒素污染的玉米或玉米基产品与多种动物和人类疾病有关，是一个主要的食品/饲料安全问题。本研究聚焦于生长育肥猪在8周内暴露于低至中等水平的纯伏马毒素B1（FB1）时的临床毒性和性能参数。给雄性（阉割）和雌性猪饲喂含0、0.1、1.0和10毫克FB1/千克日粮（ppm）的日粮。每周测量体重增加和采食量。在整个研究过程中采集血样，并测量各种临床和血液学参数。由于伏马毒素是鞘脂生物合成的有效抑制剂，因此测定了肝脏、肺和肾脏中的鞘氨醇和鞘氨醇浓度。在试验结束时测量器官重量和胴体品质。一般来说，日粮中的FB1对雄性猪的不利影响比雌性猪更大。与对照组（0 ppm）相比，饲喂1.0 ppm的猪雄性平均日增重下降了8%，饲喂10.0 ppm的猪下降了11%。饲喂0.1 ppm的雄性猪在实验的前5周生长模式不稳定。在最初4周的每一周，相同动物的采食量都略高于对照组，但此后每周比对照组低6 - 7%。饲喂含FB1日粮的雌性猪在第4周前采食量普遍增加。在临床化学参数中，与对照组相比，饲喂1.0和10.0 ppm日粮的雄性猪在2周后胆固醇升高，而仅在实验结束时，1.0 ppm日粮的两性胆固醇水平均升高。仅在第2周血清肝酶浓度发生了变化。与对照组相比，饲喂含FB1日粮的雄性猪胰腺和肾上腺重量发生了变化。对于饲喂10 ppm日粮的猪，无论性别，所有三个器官中游离鞘氨醇与游离鞘氨醇的比率（食用FB1动物的暴露生物标志物）均增加。该研究表明，FB1在每个剂量水平都会产生不同的影响，低至0.1 ppm（表现为生长不稳定），随后生长减少和血液生化异常（1.0 ppm）以及组织中鞘脂改变（10.0 ppm）。其中一些影响发生在导致鞘脂代谢改变的暴露水平以下。
