Strasser Alois, May Bettina, Teltscher Andrea, Wistrela Eva, Niedermüller Hans
Institute of Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210, Wien, Austria.
Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2003 Aug 15;94(3-4):113-21. doi: 10.1016/s0165-2427(03)00086-2.
A decline in T-cell-mediated immunity and transient state of immunosuppression after immunization has been reported in dogs. Nevertheless, dogs are still routinely vaccinated with polyvalent live vaccines and severe disease does not generally occur. In order to investigate these effects on the canine immune system and to elucidate possible mechanisms we determined the following immune parameters in the blood of 33 clinically sound German shepherd dogs before and after standard vaccination with a polyvalent vaccine against distemper, parvovirus, viral hepatitis, leptospirosis, kennel cough and rabies: white and differential blood cell count, the serum concentrations and/or activities of IL-1, IL-2, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, neopterin and IgG, natural killer (NK) cell activity, bactericidal activity and complement hemolytic activity, lymphocyte proliferation test (LPT) and nitroblue tetrazolium test (NBT). Our major findings were that significant postvaccinal decreases in T-cell mitogenic response to PHA and in neutrophil function and neopterin serum concentration were accompanied by simultaneous increase in plasma IgG and hemolytic complement activity. This suggests a transient shift in the balance between cell-mediated and humoral (T(H)1/T(H)2) immunity rather than immunosuppression. These results do not imply that dogs should not receive live vaccines, as the response to vaccines just seems to create a state of altered homeostasis when immunization elicits protection by humoral and cell-mediated immunity. However, these recognized compromises of immune function should be considered and vaccines still be applied only in healthy animals and strictly according to the rules and regulations given by the manufacturer.
据报道，犬在免疫后会出现T细胞介导的免疫功能下降以及免疫抑制的短暂状态。尽管如此，犬仍常规接种多价活疫苗，且一般不会发生严重疾病。为了研究这些对犬免疫系统的影响并阐明可能的机制，我们测定了33只临床健康的德国牧羊犬在接种针对犬瘟热、细小病毒、病毒性肝炎、钩端螺旋体病、犬窝咳和狂犬病的多价疫苗前后血液中的以下免疫参数：白细胞及分类计数、白细胞介素-1（IL-1）、白细胞介素-2（IL-2）、干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、新蝶呤和免疫球蛋白G（IgG）的血清浓度及/或活性、自然杀伤（NK）细胞活性、杀菌活性和补体溶血活性、淋巴细胞增殖试验（LPT）和硝基蓝四氮唑试验（NBT）。我们的主要发现是，接种疫苗后对PHA的T细胞促有丝分裂反应、中性粒细胞功能和新蝶呤血清浓度显著下降，同时血浆IgG和溶血补体活性增加。这表明细胞介导免疫和体液免疫（Th1/Th2）之间的平衡发生了短暂转变，而非免疫抑制。这些结果并不意味着犬不应接种活疫苗，因为当免疫通过体液免疫和细胞介导免疫引发保护时，对疫苗的反应似乎只是产生了一种内环境稳态改变的状态。然而，应考虑到这些已认识到的免疫功能损害，并且疫苗仍应仅应用于健康动物，并严格按照制造商给出的规则和规定使用。
