Pezdek Kathy, Blandon-Gitlin Iris, Moore Catherine
Department of Psychology, Claremont Graduate University, California 91711, USA.
J Appl Psychol. 2003 Aug;88(4):760-3. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.88.4.760.
It is well established that own-race faces are recognized more accurately than cross-race faces. However, there are mixed results regarding the developmental consistency of the cross-race effect White and Black kindergarten children, 3rd graders, and young adults viewed a Black and a White target individual. One day later, recognition memory for each target was tested with a 6-person lineup. The interaction of race of participant by race of target face on Ag scores was significant, demonstrating an overall cross-race effect. The 2nd-order interaction with age did not approach significance; for each age group, own-race identification was more accurate than cross-race identification. The age consistency of the cross-race effect in light of the significant main effect of age suggests quantitative but not qualitative differences in face memory processing at various ages. For children, as well as adults, own-race faces are recognized more accurately than cross-race faces.
人们已经充分认识到，识别同种族面孔比识别跨种族面孔更准确。然而，关于跨种族效应的发展一致性，研究结果不一。白人、黑人幼儿园儿童、三年级学生和年轻人观看了一名黑人和一名白人目标个体。一天后，通过6人阵容测试对每个目标的识别记忆。参与者种族与目标面孔种族在准确率得分上的交互作用显著，表明总体上存在跨种族效应。与年龄的二阶交互作用不显著；对于每个年龄组，识别同种族面孔比识别跨种族面孔更准确。鉴于年龄的显著主效应，跨种族效应的年龄一致性表明，不同年龄阶段在面部记忆处理上存在数量而非质量上的差异。对于儿童和成年人来说，识别同种族面孔都比识别跨种族面孔更准确。
