八氯二丙醚（S-2）蚊香在亚洲用于家庭的研究尚不充分，且在美国属于非法产品。
Octachlorodipropyl ether (s-2) mosquito coils are inadequately studied for residential use in Asia and illegal in the United States.
作者信息
Krieger Robert I, Dinoff Travis M, Zhang Xiaofei
机构信息
Department of Entomology, Personal Chemical Exposure Program, Graduate Program in Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
出版信息
Environ Health Perspect. 2003 Sep;111(12):1439-42. doi: 10.1289/ehp.6177.
Children and their parents in residences are often protected by insecticides from nuisance and disease-bearing mosquitoes. The annual worldwide consumption of the four major types of residential insecticide products--aerosols, mosquito coils, liquid vaporizers, and vaporizing mats--is in the billions of units. Mosquito coils are burned indoors and outdoors in East Asia and to a limited extent in other parts of the world, including the United States. Coils consist of an insecticide/repellant, organic fillers capable of burning with smoldering, binder, and additives such as synergists, dyes, and fungicide. The number of coil users in China is in the millions. In Indonesia alone, an estimated seven billion coils are purchased annually. Coils containing pyrethroid insecticides, particularly d-allethrin, may contain octachlorodipropyl ether (S-2, S-421) as a synergist or active ingredient. Use of those coils likely exposes children and adults to some level of bis(chloromethyl)ether (BCME). BCME is formed from formaldehyde and hydrogen chloride, combustion products formed from the slow smoldering (about 8 hr/coil) of the mosquito coils. Because BCME is an extremely potent lung carcinogen, the nature and extent of prolonged exposures that recur in homes during the mosquito season in tropical regions must be evaluated with respect to health. In a small analytical study, coils purchased in Indonesia and in the United States contained highly variable amounts of S-2. Some coils that contained S-2 were not labeled, making it impossible for consumers to make an informed decision about coil contents. Mosquito coils containing S-2 are unregistered, and their use is illegal in the United States. Indoor air monitoring under conditions that represent conditions of use in tropical settings and epidemiology to assess health impacts of coil use are essential to permit responsible regulatory decisions regarding continuing S-2 use.
居住场所中的儿童及其父母常常受到杀虫剂的保护，以免受滋扰蚊虫和携带疾病蚊虫的侵害。全球每年四大类家用杀虫剂产品——气雾剂、蚊香、液体蒸发器和电热蚊香片——的消费量达数十亿单位。在东亚，蚊香在室内外都有使用，在世界其他地区（包括美国）也有一定程度的使用。蚊香由杀虫剂/驱避剂、能够阴燃的有机填料、粘合剂以及增效剂、染料和杀菌剂等添加剂组成。中国使用蚊香的人数达数百万。仅在印度尼西亚，每年估计就购买70亿盘蚊香。含有拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂（尤其是右旋烯丙菊酯）的蚊香可能含有八氯二丙醚（S-2，S-421）作为增效剂或活性成分。使用这些蚊香可能会使儿童和成人接触到一定程度的双（氯甲基）醚（BCME）。BCME由甲醛和氯化氢形成，是蚊香缓慢阴燃（约每盘8小时）产生的燃烧产物。由于BCME是一种极强的肺致癌物，必须从健康角度评估热带地区蚊虫季节家庭中反复出现的长期接触的性质和程度。在一项小型分析研究中，在印度尼西亚和美国购买的蚊香中S-2的含量差异很大。一些含有S-2的蚊香没有标注，这使得消费者无法就蚊香成分做出明智的决定。含有S-2的蚊香未注册，在美国使用是非法的。在代表热带地区使用条件的环境下进行室内空气监测以及开展流行病学研究以评估使用蚊香对健康的影响，对于做出关于是否继续使用S-2的负责任监管决策至关重要。
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