Klein Barbara E K, Klein Ronald, Lee Kristine E, Meuer Stacy M
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin 53726-2397, USA.
Am J Ophthalmol. 2003 Sep;136(3):506-12. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9394(03)00290-3.
To investigate the association of socioeconomic and lifestyle factors with incidence of age-related cataracts.
Population-based longitudinal epidemiologic study.
Persons aged 43 to 86 years (n = 4,926) living in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin, were examined in 1988 to 1990, 1993 to 1995, and 1998 to 2000. Medical histories were obtained, and photographs of the lenses were taken at each visit. Photographs were graded according to standard protocols.
Socioeconomic and lifestyle factors considered were income, education, occupation, smoking, alcohol, caffeine, and multivitamin use. After adjustment for age and sex, income (or education) was inversely and smoking was directly related to the 10-year cumulative incidence of nuclear cataract. None of the factors were significantly associated with incident cortical or posterior subcapsular cataract. We found no evidence in these analyses to suggest that history of multivitamin use altered the relationships of smoking to the incidence of cataracts. In models adjusting for all other significant risk factors, the individual significance values for each individual factor differed little from the models adjusting only for age and sex.
Incident nuclear cataract was associated with income and smoking 10 years earlier. There were no significant lifestyle exposures associated with incident cortical and posterior subcapsular cataract.
研究社会经济和生活方式因素与年龄相关性白内障发病率之间的关联。
基于人群的纵向流行病学研究。
对居住在威斯康星州比弗代尔姆、年龄在43至86岁（n = 4926）的人群，于1988年至1990年、1993年至1995年以及1998年至2000年进行检查。获取病史，并在每次就诊时拍摄晶状体照片。照片按照标准方案进行分级。
所考虑的社会经济和生活方式因素包括收入、教育程度、职业、吸烟、饮酒、咖啡因摄入和多种维生素使用情况。在对年龄和性别进行调整后，收入（或教育程度）与核性白内障的10年累积发病率呈负相关，吸烟与之呈正相关。这些因素均与皮质性或后囊下白内障的发病无显著关联。在这些分析中，我们没有发现证据表明多种维生素使用史改变了吸烟与白内障发病率之间的关系。在对所有其他显著危险因素进行调整的模型中，每个个体因素的个体显著性值与仅对年龄和性别进行调整的模型相比差异不大。
10年前核性白内障的发病与收入和吸烟有关。皮质性和后囊下白内障的发病与生活方式暴露无显著关联。
