De Lena de Ruótolo S, Rinaldi G J, Almirón M A, Gende O A, Cingolani H E
Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina.
Medicina (B Aires). 1992;52(2):119-30.
The prevalence of arterial hypertension (AH) was studied in 1423 individuals (702 males and 721 females) aged 21 years (Fig. 1, Table 1). Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures and heart rate (HR) were measured three times on two different occasions separated by at least one week. Three different criteria were used to define AH (Table 3): 1) World Health Organization (WHO) [PAD > or = 95 mmHg in one casual determination]; Joint National Committee IV (JNC-4) [PAD > or = 90 mmHg on two different occasions]; and 3) Statistical [PAD > percentile 95 of the respective distribution]. BP was distributed normally in both males and females (Fig. 4). DBP decreased progressively along the six measurements (Fig. 2, Table 2), with the average of DBP determinations 4-6 being significantly lower than the average of determinations 1-3 (p < 0.05). SBP behaved in the same way (Fig. 2, Table 2), but in this case the 2nd and 3rd determinations within each occasion (2-3 and 5-6) were significantly lower than determinations 1 and 4, respectively (p < 0.05). As a result, the percentage of individuals of either sex with DBP > 90 mmHg was 14.7% based on the 1st determination (Fig. 5), but if the averages of determinations 1 to 3 or 1 to 6 were considered, these percentages decreased to 8.7% and 4% respectively (Fig. 5). With the WHO criterion (PAD > or = 160/95 mmHg based on the first determination) there were 3.3% of individuals with AH. With the statistical criterion the prevalence of AH was always 5%, but the actual value of percentile 95 was progressively lower as we took into account the 1st. determination, the average of 1-3 or the average of 1-6: 100, 95 and 90 mmHg in males and 90, 88 and 84 mmHg in females, respectively (Fig. 6). With the JNC-4 criterion there were 1.6% of individuals with AH (Fig. 5). These low figures were caused by the lack of repeatability of DBP readings in the second determination, since 79% of the individuals with DBP > or = 90 mmHg on the first occasion were normotensive on the second one, whereas more than 95% of those being initially normotensive remained in that category on the second visit (Fig. 7). The FC did not show important changes (Fig. 8), and the percentage of individuals with systolic AH was low (Table 4).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
在1423名年龄为21岁的个体（702名男性和721名女性）中研究了动脉高血压（AH）的患病率（图1，表1）。在至少相隔一周的两个不同时间点对收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）和心率（HR）进行三次测量。使用三种不同标准定义AH（表3）：1）世界卫生组织（WHO）[一次随机测定中收缩压>或=95 mmHg]；美国国家联合委员会第四次报告（JNC - 4）[在两个不同时间点收缩压>或=90 mmHg]；以及3）统计学标准[收缩压>各自分布的第95百分位数]。血压在男性和女性中均呈正态分布（图4）。舒张压在六次测量中逐渐下降（图2，表2），舒张压测定4 - 6的平均值显著低于测定1 - 3的平均值（p < 0.05）。收缩压也有同样表现（图2，表2），但在这种情况下，每次测量中的第2次和第3次测定（2 - 3和5 - 6）分别显著低于第1次和第4次测定（p < 0.05）。结果，基于第一次测定，舒张压>90 mmHg的男女个体百分比为14.7%（图5），但如果考虑测定1至3或1至6的平均值，这些百分比分别降至8.7%和4%（图5）。按照WHO标准（基于第一次测定收缩压>或=160/95 mmHg），有3.3%的个体患有AH。按照统计学标准，AH的患病率始终为5%，但随着我们考虑第一次测定、1 - 3的平均值或1 - 6的平均值，第95百分位数的实际值逐渐降低：男性分别为100、95和90 mmHg，女性分别为90、88和84 mmHg（图6）。按照JNC - 4标准，有1.6%的个体患有AH（图5）。这些低数值是由于第二次测定中舒张压读数缺乏重复性导致的，因为第一次舒张压>或=90 mmHg的个体中有79%在第二次测量时血压正常，而最初血压正常的个体中超过95%在第二次就诊时仍保持正常（图7）。心率未显示出重要变化（图8），收缩期AH个体的百分比很低（表4）。（摘要截断于250字）
