Vasilić Z, Drevenkar V, Rumenjak V, Stengl B, Fröbe Z
Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, University of Zagreb, Croatia.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1992 May;22(4):351-7. doi: 10.1007/BF00212552.
The urinary excretion rates of diethyl phosphate and diethyl phosphorothioate and changes in blood cholinesterase activities were studied in fifteen persons self-poisoned either by the organophosphorus pesticide quinalphos (twelve persons) or by chlorpyrifos (three persons). The organophosphate poisoning was always indicated by a significant depression of serum and/or red blood cell cholinesterase activities. The return of serum cholinesterase activity in the range of referent values took more than 30 days and had a different course in different persons. The most rapid increase in red blood cell acetylcholinesterase activity was noted within 24 h after the first treatment with oximes Pralidoxime and/or HI-6. None of the spot urine samples, collected daily after admission of persons to hospital, contained measurable quantities of the parent pesticide. There was no correlation between the maximum concentration of total urinary diethylphosphorus metabolites normalized to creatinine and the initial inhibition of blood cholinesterase activities measured in samples collected on the day of admission to hospital. The excretion of metabolites followed the kinetics of a biphasic reaction. The half-time of urinary metabolites concentration decrease in the fast excretion phase in quinalphos poisoned persons was 5.5-14.2 h (eight persons) and 26.8-53.6 h (four persons) and in chlorpyrifos poisoned persons 3.5-5.5 h. The half-time for the slow excretion phase ranged from 66.5 to 127.9 h in all persons and for both compounds. For a given person, the rates of excretion of diethyl phosphate and diethyl phosphorothioate were about the same. However, in quinalphos poisoned persons the proportions of single metabolites in total diethylphosphorus metabolites varied with the initial maximum concentration of total metabolites.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
对15名因有机磷农药喹硫磷（12人）或毒死蜱（3人）而自我中毒的患者，研究了磷酸二乙酯和硫代磷酸二乙酯的尿排泄率以及血液胆碱酯酶活性的变化。有机磷中毒总是表现为血清和/或红细胞胆碱酯酶活性显著降低。血清胆碱酯酶活性恢复到参考值范围需要30多天，且不同患者的恢复过程不同。在用肟类药物解磷定和/或HI - 6首次治疗后24小时内，红细胞乙酰胆碱酯酶活性增加最为迅速。患者入院后每天采集的即时尿样中，均未检测到可测量的母体农药。以肌酐标准化的总尿二乙磷代谢物的最大浓度与入院当天采集的样本中测得的血液胆碱酯酶活性的初始抑制之间无相关性。代谢物的排泄遵循双相反应动力学。喹硫磷中毒患者快速排泄阶段尿代谢物浓度下降的半衰期为5.5 - 14.2小时（8人）和26.8 - 53.6小时（4人），毒死蜱中毒患者为3.5 - 5.5小时。所有患者和两种化合物的缓慢排泄阶段半衰期为66.5至127.9小时。对于特定患者，磷酸二乙酯和硫代磷酸二乙酯的排泄率大致相同。然而，喹硫磷中毒患者中，单一代谢物在总二乙磷代谢物中的比例随总代谢物的初始最大浓度而变化。（摘要截短于250词）
