Knudsen L E, Boisen T, Christensen J M, Jelnes J E, Jensen G E, Jensen J C, Lundgren K, Lundsteen C, Pedersen B, Wassermann K
Danish National Institute of Occupational Health, Copenhagen.
Mutat Res. 1992 May 16;279(2):129-43. doi: 10.1016/0165-1218(92)90255-x.
A biosurvey in the Danish metal industry measured the genotoxic exposure from stainless steel welding. The study comprised measurements of chromosomal aberrations (CA), sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE), unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) in peripheral lymphocytes and serum immunoglobulin G. Environmental monitoring of welding fumes and selected metal oxides, biomonitoring of chromium and nickel in serum and urine and mutagenic activity in urine, and evaluation of semen quality were also done. Manual metal arc (MMA) welding and tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding were the dominant welding processes. A higher frequency of chromosomal aberrations, classified as translocations, double minutes, exchanges and rings, was observed in stainless steel welders than in non-welders. SCE was lower in welders working with both MMA and TIG welding than in reference persons. N-Acetoxy-N-acetylaminofluorene (NA-AAF)-induced UDS was lower in 23 never-smoking welders than in 19 unexposed never-smokers. Smoking was a confounding factor resulting in significantly higher CA, SCE, NA-AAF binding to DNA and mutagenic activity in urine. Age was also a confounder: CA, SCE, NA-AAF binding to DNA and UDS increased significantly with age. No significant correlation between SCE and CA or between CA and UDS was found. UDS decreased significantly with increasing lymphocyte count and a higher lymphocyte count was seen in MMA welders than in reference persons and in smokers than in non-smokers. Differences in the composition among lymphocytes in exposed persons compared with non-exposed are suggested. MMA welding gave the highest exposure to chromium, an increased number of chromosomal aberrations and a decrease in SCE when compared with TIG welding. Consequently improvements in the occupational practice of stainless steel welding with MMA is recommended.
丹麦金属行业的一项生物调查测量了不锈钢焊接产生的遗传毒性暴露。该研究包括对外周血淋巴细胞中的染色体畸变（CA）、姐妹染色单体交换（SCE）、非程序性DNA合成（UDS）以及血清免疫球蛋白G的测量。还进行了焊接烟尘和选定金属氧化物的环境监测、血清和尿液中铬和镍的生物监测、尿液中的诱变活性以及精液质量评估。手工金属电弧（MMA）焊接和钨极惰性气体（TIG）焊接是主要的焊接工艺。与非焊工相比，不锈钢焊工中观察到染色体畸变（分类为易位、双微体、交换和环状）的频率更高。从事MMA和TIG焊接的焊工的SCE低于参考人员。23名从不吸烟的焊工中，N-乙酰氧基-N-乙酰氨基芴（NA-AAF）诱导的UDS低于19名未接触过的从不吸烟者。吸烟是一个混杂因素，导致尿液中的CA、SCE、NA-AAF与DNA的结合以及诱变活性显著更高。年龄也是一个混杂因素：CA、SCE、NA-AAF与DNA的结合以及UDS随年龄显著增加。未发现SCE与CA之间或CA与UDS之间存在显著相关性。UDS随着淋巴细胞计数的增加而显著降低，MMA焊工的淋巴细胞计数高于参考人员，吸烟者的淋巴细胞计数高于非吸烟者。建议比较暴露人群与未暴露人群淋巴细胞组成的差异。与TIG焊接相比，MMA焊接的铬暴露最高，染色体畸变数量增加，SCE降低。因此，建议改进MMA不锈钢焊接的职业操作。
