Elias Z, Mur J M, Pierre F, Gilgenkrantz S, Schneider O, Baruthio F, Danière M C, Fontana J M
Department of Experimental Industrial Toxicology, National Institute for Research and Safety (INRS), Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France.
J Occup Med. 1989 May;31(5):477-83.
Chromosomal aberrations in cultured lymphocytes obtained from 55 welders and 55 matched controls were analyzed. Depending on the welding techniques and the nature of the consumables and metals welded, three separate groups of welders were examined. Chromium, nickel, and manganese levels in serum and urine were measured to assess the exposure to welding fumes. A statistically significant increase of chromosomal aberrations was found in one of the three analyzed groups of welders. This group used the semi-automatic metal active gas welding process with cored wire containing nickel for welding mild steel. These welders had significantly higher concentrations of serum and urine manganese and, unlike the other welders, significantly elevated concentrations of nickel, both in serum and urine. However, no significant correlations between nickel or manganese levels and the frequency of chromosomal aberrations were found. There was a significant correlation between the length of welding employment of these welders and the frequency of chromosomal breaks, although there was no significant correlation between age and the frequency of chromosomal aberrations. The other two groups of welders, for which the analyses of biologic fluids proved chromium and manganese exposure, had no statistically significant higher frequency of chromosomal aberrations. One of these groups used the manual metal arc welding process with coated electrodes for welding mainly mild steel and the other group used the tungsten inert gas welding process for welding stainless steel. A significant correlation between the daily amount of cigarettes smoked and the frequency of chromosomal breakages, in controls as in welders, was observed. The present data indicate that certain welding processes may generate fumes that seem to have a clastogenic activity.
对55名焊工和55名匹配的对照者的培养淋巴细胞中的染色体畸变进行了分析。根据焊接技术以及焊接消耗品和金属的性质，将焊工分为三个不同的组进行检查。测量血清和尿液中的铬、镍和锰水平，以评估焊接烟雾的暴露情况。在分析的三组焊工中的一组中发现染色体畸变有统计学上的显著增加。该组使用含镍药芯焊丝的半自动金属活性气体焊接工艺焊接低碳钢。这些焊工的血清和尿液中锰的浓度显著更高，并且与其他焊工不同，血清和尿液中的镍浓度也显著升高。然而，未发现镍或锰水平与染色体畸变频率之间存在显著相关性。这些焊工的焊接工作年限与染色体断裂频率之间存在显著相关性，尽管年龄与染色体畸变频率之间没有显著相关性。另外两组焊工，其生物体液分析证明有铬和锰暴露，染色体畸变频率没有统计学上的显著升高。其中一组使用带涂层焊条的手工金属弧焊工艺主要焊接低碳钢，另一组使用钨极惰性气体保护焊工艺焊接不锈钢。在对照者和焊工中均观察到每日吸烟量与染色体断裂频率之间存在显著相关性。目前的数据表明，某些焊接工艺可能会产生似乎具有致断裂活性的烟雾。
