KALTER S S
Bull World Health Organ. 1960;22(3-4):319-37.
Since the discovery, some ten years ago, of the pathogenic effect of polioviruses on non-nervous-tissue cells, tissue-culture methods have come to be widely used in virological research. Through these improved techniques for studying viruses, a large number of new cytopathogenic agents have been isolated from the intestinal tract of man. Many of these agents have been obtained from persons suffering from polio-like disease, but others have been isolated from apparently normal persons. The term "orphans" is used to designate those viruses which cannot definitely be associated with any recognized disease syndrome.The existence of these enteric pathogenic human orphan (ECHO) viruses, and their association with clinical disease in certain cases, stimulated interest in their animal counter-parts, which might constitute a serious threat to both human and animal health. In this paper, the author reviews the information at present available on the occurrence of the so-called "orphan" enteroviruses in monkeys, cattle, swine, and other animals in various parts of the world, and discusses the possible interrelationships of these animal viruses with each other and with the human enteroviruses.
自从大约十年前发现脊髓灰质炎病毒对非神经组织细胞的致病作用以来，组织培养方法已在病毒学研究中得到广泛应用。通过这些改进的病毒研究技术，已从人类肠道中分离出大量新的细胞致病因子。其中许多因子是从患有类脊髓灰质炎疾病的人身上获得的，但也有一些是从看似正常的人身上分离出来的。“孤儿病毒”一词用于指那些不能明确与任何公认疾病综合征相关的病毒。这些肠道致病性人类孤儿（ECHO）病毒的存在，以及它们在某些情况下与临床疾病的关联，引发了人们对其动物对应物的兴趣，这些动物对应物可能对人类和动物健康构成严重威胁。在本文中，作者回顾了目前关于世界各地区猴子、牛、猪和其他动物中所谓“孤儿”肠道病毒出现情况的现有信息，并讨论了这些动物病毒彼此之间以及与人类肠道病毒之间可能的相互关系。
