Hasselberg Marie, Laflamme Lucie
Karolinska Institute, Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Social Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2003 Sep;4(3):249-54. doi: 10.1080/15389580309882.
The aim of this study is to explore the manner in which different measures of original socioeconomic position (SEP) influence road traffic injuries (RTIs) among young car drivers in Sweden. The study consists of young people age 16-23. Subjects were taken from the Swedish Population and Housing Census of 1990 (n=727,995), and followed up by a search for cases of injury to car drivers in Sweden's National Hospital Discharge Register over the years 1991-96 (n=1,599). Household SEP was measured using social class, education, and disposable income. Relative risks were estimated by Poisson regression and population attributable risks were computed for each measure of SEP. Children of unskilled workers, of the self-employed, and of farmers, as well as children of parents with compulsory education only showed an increased risk of injury as car drivers compared to children in the highest socioeconomic group and children of highly educated parents. By contrast, level of household disposable income was found not to vary with RTI among young drivers. Twenty-five percent of the injuries could be avoided if all young people had the injury rate of the highest socioeconomic group, and 29% if all young people had the injury rate of those with highly educated parents. The reduction of risk differences based on household SEP calls for consideration of factors related to both differential exposure and differential susceptibility, which may be addressed in driver education.
本研究的目的是探讨不同的原始社会经济地位（SEP）衡量指标对瑞典年轻汽车驾驶员道路交通伤害（RTIs）的影响方式。该研究涵盖了16至23岁的年轻人。研究对象取自1990年瑞典人口与住房普查（n = 727,995），并通过查询1991年至1996年瑞典国家医院出院登记册中汽车驾驶员受伤病例进行随访（n = 1,599）。家庭SEP通过社会阶层、教育程度和可支配收入来衡量。通过泊松回归估计相对风险，并计算每种SEP衡量指标的人群归因风险。与社会经济地位最高群体的儿童以及父母受过高等教育的儿童相比，非技术工人、个体经营者和农民的子女，以及父母仅接受义务教育的儿童作为汽车驾驶员受伤的风险增加。相比之下，发现家庭可支配收入水平在年轻驾驶员中与道路交通伤害并无差异。如果所有年轻人都具有社会经济地位最高群体的伤害率，则25%的伤害可以避免；如果所有年轻人都具有父母受过高等教育者的伤害率，则29%的伤害可以避免。基于家庭SEP减少风险差异需要考虑与差异暴露和差异易感性相关的因素，这可能在驾驶员教育中得到解决。
