Cullen Patricia, Möller Holger, Woodward Mark, Senserrick Teresa, Boufous Soufiane, Rogers Kris, Brown Julie, Ivers Rebecca
School of Population Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.
The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.
SSM Popul Health. 2021 May 12;14:100816. doi: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100816. eCollection 2021 Jun.
Young men have long been known to be disproportionately impacted by road crash and crash-related injury compared to young women and older drivers. However, there is limited insight into how sex differences in crash and crash-related injury changes over time as men and women get older and gain more driving experience. To explore sex differences in crash and crash-related injury, we undertook a sex disaggregated analysis in a large longitudinal cohort of over 20,000 young drivers in New South Wales, Australia, for up to 13 years after they first attained their independent car driver licence.
DRIVE Study survey data from 2003-04 were linked with police, hospital and deaths data up to 2016. Sex differences were analysed using cumulative incidence curves investigating time to first crash and in negative binominal regression models adjusted for driver demographics and crash risk factors.
After adjusting for demographics and driving exposure, compared with women, men had 1.25 (95% CI 1.18-1.33), 2.07 (1.75-2.45), 1.28 (95% CI 1.13-1.46), 1.32 (95% CI 1.17-1.50) and 1.59 (95% CI 1.43-1.78) times higher rates of any crash, single vehicle crash, crash on streets with a speed limit of 80 km/h or above, crash in wet conditions and crash in the dark, respectively. By contrast, men were less likely to be involved in crashes that resulted in hospitalisation compared to women 0.73 (95% CI 0.55-0.96).
Young men are at increased risk of crash, and this risk persists as they get older and gain more driving experience. Despite lower risk of crash, women are at higher risk of crash related injury requiring hospitalisation. These differences in men's and women's risk of crash and injury signal the need for better understanding of how sex and/or gender may contribute to risk of crash and injury across the life-course.
长期以来，人们一直认为与年轻女性和年长驾驶员相比，年轻男性受道路交通事故及与事故相关伤害的影响更为严重。然而，随着男性和女性年龄增长并积累更多驾驶经验，关于事故及与事故相关伤害中的性别差异如何随时间变化的见解有限。为了探究事故及与事故相关伤害中的性别差异，我们对澳大利亚新南威尔士州超过20000名年轻驾驶员的大型纵向队列进行了性别分类分析，跟踪他们首次获得独立汽车驾驶执照后的长达13年时间。
将2003 - 2004年DRIVE研究的调查数据与截至2016年的警方、医院和死亡数据相链接。使用累积发病率曲线分析首次事故发生时间的性别差异，并在针对驾驶员人口统计学特征和事故风险因素进行调整的负二项回归模型中进行分析。
在对人口统计学特征和驾驶暴露情况进行调整后，与女性相比，男性发生任何事故、单车事故、在限速80公里/小时及以上的街道上发生事故、在潮湿条件下发生事故以及在黑暗中发生事故的发生率分别高出1.25倍（95%置信区间1.18 - 1.33）、2.07倍（1.75 - 2.45）、1.28倍（95%置信区间1.13 - 1.46）、1.32倍（95%置信区间1.17 - 1.50）和1.59倍（95%置信区间1.43 - 1.78）。相比之下，与女性相比，男性因事故导致住院的可能性较小，为0.73（95%置信区间0.55 - 0.96）。
年轻男性发生事故的风险增加，并且随着他们年龄增长和积累更多驾驶经验，这种风险仍然存在。尽管女性发生事故的风险较低，但她们因事故相关伤害需要住院治疗的风险更高。男性和女性在事故及伤害风险方面的这些差异表明，需要更好地理解性别如何在整个生命过程中影响事故及伤害风险。
