Wang Zhengguo, Jiang Jianxin
Research Institute of Surgery, Institute for Traffic Medicine, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2003 Mar;4(1):9-16. doi: 10.1080/15389580309860.
With rapid development of social economies, road traffic accidents (RTAs) have continued to increase, and have become the "primary public hazard" to humans. Road traffic trauma (RTT) is a major cause of death in young people of all motorized countries. This article reviews the current advances in RTT research, in order to find some approaches to improving traffic administration and reducing RTAs and RTT. All available data were collected from government, literature, our own research, and conference proceedings. Statistical analysis from every country showed that human factors were still the main cause of RTAs, accounting for more than 90%. Vehicle and road factors caused 3-5% and less than 2% of the total RTAs, respectively. Approximately 85% of RTAs were caused by 21 to 45-year-olds. About 50% of deaths due to RTAs in the United States were related to drinking. In China, RTAs due to driver drinking accounted for 0.29-1.48%. About 6-8% of drivers were prone to RTA, causing 30-40% of RTAs. Seat belts are an effective way to prevent casualties, reducing mortality and morbidity by 13-50%. In China, about 70% of RTAs were related to bicycles. Prehospital emergency treatment is very important. About 35% of deaths may be avoided if the injured receive early and effective treatment. From 1983 to 1992 the mortality of RTT increased by 13% in 18 developing countries, while it decreased by 18% in 13 developed countries, indicating the importance of comprehensive treatment of traffic administration. In addition many advances have been made in basic scientific research of RTT, such as development of serial bioimpact machines and investigation of biomechanical and biochemical mechanisms of impact injuries. In this century, RTAs and RTT are predicted to continue to increase in many countries, especially in developing ones. Full cooperation and comprehensive treatment should be performed in order to improve traffic safety.
随着社会经济的快速发展，道路交通事故（RTAs）持续增加，已成为人类的“首要公共危害”。道路交通创伤（RTT）是所有机动车化国家年轻人死亡的主要原因。本文综述了RTT研究的当前进展，以便找到一些改善交通管理和减少道路交通事故及道路交通创伤的方法。所有可用数据均收集自政府、文献、我们自己的研究以及会议记录。各国的统计分析表明，人为因素仍然是道路交通事故的主要原因，占比超过90%。车辆和道路因素分别导致总数3%-5%和不到2%的道路交通事故。约85%的道路交通事故由21至45岁的人造成。美国约50%的道路交通事故死亡与饮酒有关。在中国，因驾驶员饮酒导致的道路交通事故占0.29%-1.48%。约6%-8%的驾驶员容易发生道路交通事故，导致30%-40%的道路交通事故。安全带是预防伤亡的有效方法，可将死亡率和发病率降低13%-50%。在中国，约70%的道路交通事故与自行车有关。院前急救非常重要。如果伤者得到早期有效治疗，约35%的死亡可能避免。1983年至1992年，18个发展中国家的道路交通创伤死亡率上升了13%，而13个发达国家则下降了18%，这表明交通管理综合治疗的重要性。此外，道路交通创伤的基础科学研究也取得了许多进展，如系列生物撞击机的开发以及撞击伤生物力学和生化机制的研究。预计本世纪许多国家，尤其是发展中国家的道路交通事故和道路交通创伤将继续增加。应进行全面合作和综合治疗以提高交通安全。
