Colić Barić Irena, Satalić Zvonimir, Lukesić Zeljka
Laboratory for Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2003 Nov;54(6):473-84. doi: 10.1080/09637480310001622332.
The aim of this study was to evaluate daily menus at students' restaurants and to report dietary habits and other health-related behaviour of Croatian university students (n=2075) according to gender. A specially designed self-administered questionnaire was used. One hundred and twenty daily menus were chosen by random sampling, and the nutritive value was calculated using food composition tables. Daily menus on average provide an adequate amount of energy, protein and most micronutrients: 88.2% of daily menus provide a balanced intake of protein, fat and carbohydrates, 22.5% of daily menus provide more than 300 mg of cholesterol, and 58.8% have more than 25 g dietary fibre. On average, students had 2.4 meals and 1.3 snacks per day. Breakfast was the most often skipped meal. Red meat, cereals and fast food were consumed more often by males (P<0.05). Low-fat dairy products, whole grain products and breakfast cereals were consumed more often by females (P<0.05). The most common choice for snacks was fruit. Males exercised more than females (4.4 h/week versus 1.6 h/week; P<0.05). A higher percentage of females (29.8%) than males (17.2%) smoked cigarettes. For alcohol consumption it was vice versa: 88.9 and 84.8% of males and females, respectively. A total of 80.4% of students were well nourished. This study showed that meals offered at students' restaurants are adequate. Dietary and other health-related behaviour differed according to gender. Clustering of some behaviours was observed.
本研究旨在评估学生餐厅的日常菜单，并根据性别报告克罗地亚大学生（n = 2075）的饮食习惯及其他与健康相关的行为。采用了一份专门设计的自填式问卷。通过随机抽样选取了120份日常菜单，并使用食物成分表计算其营养价值。日常菜单平均提供了足够的能量、蛋白质和大多数微量营养素：88.2%的日常菜单提供了蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物的均衡摄入，22.5%的日常菜单提供了超过300毫克的胆固醇，58.8%的日常菜单含有超过25克的膳食纤维。学生平均每天吃2.4顿饭和1.3次零食。早餐是最常被跳过的一餐。男性食用红肉、谷物和快餐的频率更高（P<0.05）。女性食用低脂乳制品、全谷物产品和早餐谷物的频率更高（P<0.05）。最常见的零食选择是水果。男性比女性锻炼得更多（4.4小时/周对1.6小时/周；P<0.05）。吸烟的女性比例（29.8%）高于男性（17.2%）。饮酒情况则相反：男性和女性的饮酒比例分别为88.9%和84.8%。共有80.4%的学生营养良好。本研究表明，学生餐厅提供的膳食是充足的。饮食及其他与健康相关的行为因性别而异。观察到了一些行为的聚集现象。
