Skemiene Lina, Ustinaviciene Rūta, Piesine Loreta, Radisauskas Ricardas
Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Kaunas University of Medicine, Kaunas, Lithuania.
Medicina (Kaunas). 2007;43(2):145-52.
The aim of the study was to investigate the peculiarities of medical students' nutrition, to compare the dietary habits between first-year and third-year students, to compare male and female students' nutrition, and to evaluate the tendencies of its change.
An anonymous survey using a specially designed questionnaire was carried out on 349 first- and third-year students of the Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy at Kaunas University of Medicine. Students' factual nutrition was evaluated by the number of meals per day, the time of eating, and the frequency of consumption of food products. The findings of the questionnaire-based study were stored in a database and analyzed using Excel software. Statistical relationships were determined using EPI Info software by applying the nonparametric chi(2) criterion. Statistical significance was determined using Student's criterion.
The nutrition of first- and third-year students is irregular and differs in the time and number of meals. Only 20% of students daily ate 400 g of fruit and vegetables as recommended by the World Health Organization. Medical students, especially males, used excessive amounts of animal fat. Every seventh student consumed too salty food. Medical students consumed insufficient amounts of bread, potatoes, cereals, and other products that constitute the basis of the pyramid of healthy nutrition. Twenty-three percent of males and nearly as many females used alcohol once per week. Nearly one-half of students did not exercise at all, and 9.1% of third-year female and 14.5% of third-year male students were overweight.
The majority of students did not follow the dietary regimen and consumed the majority of food products during the second half of the day. Students' nutrition was not balanced - medical students consumed too much fat, especially those of animal origin. Students consumed insufficient amounts of vegetable fats and fish products, fruit and vegetables, and thus their food may lack soluble dietary fibers and vitamins. First-year and third-year female students used vegetable oils more frequently, used more vegetables, and complied with dietary regimen more often than male students. The nutrition of first- and third-year students does not differ statistically significantly. Alternative types of nutrition (vegetarian nutrition and various diets) are not popular among medical students.
本研究旨在调查医学生营养状况的特点，比较一年级和三年级学生的饮食习惯，比较男女生的营养情况，并评估其变化趋势。
对考纳斯医科大学医学与药学院的349名一年级和三年级学生进行了一项使用专门设计问卷的匿名调查。通过每天用餐次数、用餐时间和食品消费频率来评估学生的实际营养状况。基于问卷的研究结果存储在数据库中，并使用Excel软件进行分析。使用EPI Info软件通过应用非参数卡方检验标准确定统计关系。使用学生检验标准确定统计学意义。
一年级和三年级学生的营养不规律，用餐时间和次数不同。只有20%的学生每天按照世界卫生组织的建议食用400克水果和蔬菜。医学生，尤其是男生，摄入了过量的动物脂肪。每七名学生中就有一名食用盐分过高的食物。医学生食用的面包、土豆、谷物和其他构成健康营养金字塔基础的食物不足。23%的男生和几乎同样多的女生每周饮酒一次。近一半的学生根本不锻炼，三年级9.1%的女生和14.5%的男生超重。
大多数学生没有遵循饮食规律，大部分食物在一天的后半段食用。学生的营养不均衡——医学生摄入了过多的脂肪，尤其是动物源性脂肪。学生摄入的植物脂肪、鱼类产品、水果和蔬菜不足，因此他们的食物可能缺乏可溶性膳食纤维和维生素。一年级和三年级女生比男生更频繁地使用植物油，食用更多蔬菜，并且更经常遵守饮食规律。一年级和三年级学生的营养在统计学上没有显著差异。替代型营养（素食营养和各种饮食）在医学生中不受欢迎。
