Cohen B I, Mosbach E H, Ayyad N, Miki S, McSherry C K
Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, New York 10003.
Lipids. 1992 Jul;27(7):526-32. doi: 10.1007/BF02536135.
We tested two hypotheses, i) whether the type and the amount of fat in the diet will affect the formation of cholesterol gallstones in the hamsters, and ii) whether palmitic acid, a major fatty acid component of butterfat, can act as a potentiator of cholesterol cholelithiasis in the hamster. Young, male golden Syrian hamsters (Sasco) were fed a semipurified diet containing casein, corn starch, cellulose and cholesterol (0.3%) to which various types and amounts of fat (butterfat, olive oil, menhaden oil, corn oil) were added. All diets contained 2% corn oil to supply essential fatty acids to the growing hamsters. No deaths or illness occurred during the experiment. Animals fed the semipurified diet plus 4% butterfat (group 1) had a gallstone incidence of 63%. Replacement of butterfat with either olive oil, corn oil or menhaden oil prevented the formation of cholesterol gallstones entirely (groups 2-4). When total butterfat was increased from 4% to 8% (group 8), the incidence of cholesterol gallstones increased to 80%. Substitution of 4% olive oil (group 5), corn oil (group 6), or menhaden oil (group 7) for the additional 4% butterfat significantly reduced gallstones to 35%, 45% and 30%, respectively. The replacement of 4% butterfat with 1.2% palmitic acid gave the highest incidence of cholesterol gallstones (95%). These results suggest that butterfat (and one of its components, palmitic acid) intensifies gallstone formation in this model whereas mono- and polyunsaturated fats act as inhibitors of cholesterol cholelithiasis. A fatty acid, possibly palmitic acid, appears to act as lithogen in our model.
其一，饮食中脂肪的类型和含量是否会影响仓鼠胆固醇胆结石的形成；其二，作为乳脂肪主要脂肪酸成分的棕榈酸是否会促进仓鼠胆固醇性胆石病的发生。选用年轻的雄性叙利亚金黄仓鼠（Sasco），给它们喂食一种半纯化饮食，该饮食包含酪蛋白、玉米淀粉、纤维素和胆固醇（0.3%），并添加了不同类型和数量的脂肪（乳脂肪、橄榄油、鲱鱼油、玉米油）。所有饮食都含有2%的玉米油，以为生长中的仓鼠提供必需脂肪酸。实验期间没有动物死亡或患病。喂食添加4%乳脂肪的半纯化饮食的动物（第1组）胆结石发生率为63%。用橄榄油、玉米油或鲱鱼油替代乳脂肪可完全防止胆固醇胆结石的形成（第2 - 4组）。当乳脂肪总量从4%增加到8%时（第8组），胆固醇胆结石的发生率增至80%。用4%的橄榄油（第5组）、玉米油（第6组）或鲱鱼油（第7组）替代额外的4%乳脂肪，可使胆结石发生率分别显著降低至35%、45%和30%。用1.2%的棕榈酸替代4%的乳脂肪，胆固醇胆结石的发生率最高（95%）。这些结果表明，乳脂肪（及其成分之一棕榈酸）在该模型中会加剧胆结石的形成，而单不饱和脂肪和多不饱和脂肪则可抑制胆固醇性胆石病。在我们的模型中，一种脂肪酸（可能是棕榈酸）似乎起到了致石剂的作用。
